Anammelech עֲנַמֶּ֫לֶךְ
Assyrian deity worshiped by Sepharvites
Biography
Anammelech was an Assyrian deity mentioned in the Bible as one of the gods worshiped by the Sepharvites. The Sepharvites were a people group from the Assyrian Empire who were brought to Samaria by the Assyrian king after the deportation of the Israelites. They settled in the cities of Samaria and continued to worship their own gods, including Anammelech.
The worship of Anammelech involved child sacrifice, as the Sepharvites were known to "burn their children in the fire" as part of their religious practices. This abhorrent act was strongly condemned by God and was one of the reasons for His judgment against the foreign nations who had been settled in Samaria.
The name "Anammelech" is believed to mean "Anu is king" or "Anu is prince," referring to the Mesopotamian sky god Anu. This connection suggests that Anammelech may have been a local deity or a manifestation of Anu worshiped by the Sepharvites. The worship of foreign gods, including Anammelech, was a violation of God's covenant with Israel and demonstrated the syncretistic practices that led to the downfall of the Northern Kingdom.
In Scripture
1 biblical book2 Kings 1 verse
- 2 Kings 17:31
"and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim."
Names & Aliases
| Form | Language | Script | Strong's |
|---|---|---|---|
| Named | Hebrew | עֲנַמֶּ֫לֶךְ | H6048 |
Anammelech
tioned with Anammelech) and Anammelech is accompanied by the sacrifice of children by fire: "The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim" (2Ki 17:31). This passage presents two grave difficulties. First, there is no evidence in cuneiform literature that would point to the presence of human sacrifice, by fire or otherwise, as part of the ritual; nor has it been shown that the sculptures or bas-reliefs deny this thesis.
Much depends upon the identification of "Sepharvaim"; if, as some scholars hold, Sepharvaim and Sippar are one and the same cities, the two deities referred to are Babylonian. But there are several strong objections to this theory. It has been suggested that Sepharvaim (Septuagint, seppharin, sepphareimi) is rather identical with "Shabara'in," a city mentioned in the Babylonian Chronicle as having been destroyed by Shalmaneser IV. As Sepharvaim and Arpad and Hamath are grouped together (2Ki 17:24; 18:34) in two passages, it is probable that Sepharvaim is a Syriac city. Sepharvaim may then be another form of "Shabara'in," which, in turn, is the Assyrian form of Sibraim (Eze 47:16), a city in the neighborhood of Damascus (of Halevy, ZA, II, 401 ff). One objection to this last is the necessity for representing "c" by "sh"; this is not necessarily insurmountable, however. Then, the attempt to find an Assyrian etymology for the two god-names falls to the ground. Besides, the custom of sacrifice by fire was prevalent in Syria. Secondly, the god that was worshipped at Sippar was neither Adrammelech nor Anammelech but Samas. It is improbable, as some would urge, that Adrammelech is a secondary title of the tutelary god of Sippar; then it would have to be shown that Anu enjoyed special reverence in this city which was especially consecrated to the worship of the Sun-god. (For "Anu" see ASSYRIA.) It may be that the text is corrupt. See also ADRAMMELECH.
H. J. Wolf
(1) One of those who, with Nehemiah, sealed the covenant (Ne 10:26).
(2) A returned exile (1 Esdras 5:30). He is called Hanan in <ref osisRef="Bib