Greek · G3528 · unreviewed

νικάω

To subdue (literally or figuratively)

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νικάω G3528
Pronunciation nikáō

What does νικάω (nikáō) mean in the Bible?

νικάω (nikáō) is a Greek word meaning "to subdue (literally or figuratively)". νικἀω, -ῶ (νίκη), [in LXX: Psa. Shows that good triumphs over evil through faithful obedience. This term runs through the canonical themes of Faith, Messiah.

Full entry for νικάω (G3528) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to subdue (literally or figuratively)
Extended definition

To overcome or conquer through decisive victory, often with eschatological significance in Revelation and John's epistles.

(νίκη), [in LXX: Psa.51:4 (זָכָה), Pro.6:25 frequently (חָמַד); in 4Mac ;] to conquer, prevail: absol., of Christ, Rev.3:21 6:2; C. inf., Rev.5:5; of Christians, Rev.2:7, 11 2:17, 26 3:5, 12 3:21 21:7; before ἐκ (RV, come victorious from), Rev.15:2; as law-term (cl.), Rom.3:4 (LXX); with accusative of person(s), Luk.11:22, Rev.11:7 13:7 ([WH], R, mg., om.); of Christ, Jhn.16:33 (τ. κόσμον), Rev.17:14; of Christians, 1Jn.4:4; τ. πονηρόν, 1Jn.2:13-14; αὐτόν (ref. to ὁ κατήγωρ, 1Jn.2:10), Rev.12:11; with accusative of thing(s), τὸν κόσμον, Jhn.16:33, 1Jn.5:4-5; τὸ κακόν, Rom.12:21; pass., μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τ. κακοῦ, ib. (cf. ὑπερ-νικάω).

Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Shows that good triumphs over evil through faithful obedience. 1 John 2:12-14
Believers participate in Christ’s triumph over Satan, reinforcing confidence amid spiritual conflict. 1 John 5:1-5
Victory over the world is tied directly to faith in Christ. Romans 12:9-21
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Present Perfect Aorist Future
Voices
Active Passive
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 12×
Present Active 1 John 5:5 · Rev 2:11 · Rev 2:26 · Rev 3:5 · Rev 3:12 · Rev 3:21 · Rev 6:2 · Rev 21:7 · Rev 2:7 · Rev 2:17 · Rev 15:2 11×
Aorist Active 1 John 5:4
Indicative states a fact or reality 11×
Perfect Active 1 John 2:13 · 1 John 2:14 · 1 John 4:4 · John 16:33
Future Active Rev 11:7 · Rev 17:14 · Rom 3:4
Aorist Active Rev 3:21 · Rev 5:5 · Rev 12:11
Present Active 1 John 5:4
Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose
Aorist Active Luke 11:22 · Rev 6:2
Imperative command or strong request
Present Passive Rom 12:21
Present Active Rom 12:21
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract
Aorist Active Rev 13:7
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 28 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
completed 3 ongoing 1 prospective 3 resultant 4 imperative 2 subjunctive 2 infinitive 1 participle 12
Tense
present 14 aorist 7 perfect 4 future 3
Voice
active 27 passive 1
Mood
participle 12 indicative 11 subjunctive 2 imperative 2 infinitive 1
NT Occurrences
Luke 11:22 νικήσῃ aorist active subjunctive subjunctive John 16:33 νενίκηκα perfect active indicative resultant Romans 3:4 νικήσεις future active indicative prospective Romans 12:21 νικῶ present passive imperative imperative Romans 12:21 νίκα present active imperative imperative 1 John 2:13 νενικήκατε perfect active indicative resultant 1 John 2:14 νενικήκατε perfect active indicative resultant 1 John 4:4 νενικήκατε perfect active indicative resultant 1 John 5:4 νικᾷ present active indicative ongoing 1 John 5:4 νικήσασα aorist active participle participle 1 John 5:5 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 2:11 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 2:17 νικῶντι present active participle participle Revelation 2:26 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 2:7 νικῶντι present active participle participle Revelation 3:12 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 3:21 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 3:21 ἐνίκησα aorist active indicative completed Revelation 3:5 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 5:5 ἐνίκησεν aorist active indicative completed Revelation 6:2 νικῶν present active participle participle Revelation 6:2 νικήσῃ aorist active subjunctive subjunctive Revelation 11:7 νικήσει future active indicative prospective Revelation 12:11 ἐνίκησαν aorist active indicative completed Revelation 13:7 νικῆσαι aorist active infinitive infinitive Revelation 15:2 νικῶντας present active participle participle Revelation 17:14 νικήσει future active indicative prospective Revelation 21:7 νικῶν present active participle participle

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Canonical Themes
Faith Messiah
Biblical Occurrences
Appears In

Compound and idiomatic lexemes in which this word is a constituent. Follow a link to study the phrase and its other participating words.

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources