What does חָשַׁךְ mean in the Bible?
חָשַׁךְ is a Hebrew word meaning "to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken".
Hebrew · H2821
חָשַׁךְ
To be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
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חָשַׁךְ H2821
What does חָשַׁךְ mean in the Bible?
חָשַׁךְ is a Hebrew word meaning "to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken".
Full entry for חָשַׁךְ (H2821) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render H2821?
The BSB source-word alignment has 17 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include and darkens (1), and darkness (1), and I will darken (1), and it became dark (1), be darkened (1).
Where does חָשַׁךְ appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Exodus 10:15. Its strongest book concentrations include Job (3), Psalms (3), Amos (2), Ecclesiastes (2).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders It and darkens 1× Amos 5:8
and darkness 1× Micah 3:6
and I will darken 1× Amos 8:9
and it became dark 1× Psalms 105:28
be darkened 1× Psalms 69:23
dark 1× Psalms 139:12
grow dark 1× Job 3:9
grow dim 1× Lamentations 5:17
grows dark 1× Job 18:6
He brings darkness 1× Jeremiah 13:16
is blacker 1× Lamentations 4:8
is darkened 1× Ecclesiastes 12:2
see dimly 1× Ecclesiastes 12:3
was black 1× Exodus 10:15
who obscures 1× Job 38:2
will be darkened 1× Isaiah 13:10
will be obscured 1× Isaiah 5:30
Show sample aligned rows
Exodus 10:15 וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ to was black Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular Job 3:9 יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ to grow dark Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural Job 18:6 חָשַׁ֣ךְ to grows dark Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Job 38:2 מַחְשִׁ֖יךְ to who obscures Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular Psalms 69:23 תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה to be darkened Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural Psalms 105:28 וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ to and it became dark Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Psalms 139:12 יַחְשִׁ֪יךְ to dark Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Ecclesiastes 12:2 תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ to is darkened Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular Ecclesiastes 12:3 וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ to see dimly Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural Isaiah 5:30 חָשַׁ֖ךְ to will be obscured Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned row Exodus 10:15
Aligned rows 17
Books represented 9
Exodus 1 Job 3 Psalms 3 Ecclesiastes 2 Isaiah 2 Jeremiah 1 Lamentations 2 Amos 2 Micah 1
Source forms
חָשַׁ֤ךְ 2x ḥā·šaḵ Isaiah 13:10, Lamentations 4:8
הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ 1x heḥ·šîḵ Amos 5:8
וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֥י 1x wə·ha·ḥă·šaḵ·tî Amos 8:9
וְחָשְׁכָ֥ה 1x wə·ḥā·šə·ḵāh Micah 3:6
וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ 1x wə·ḥā·šə·ḵū Ecclesiastes 12:3
וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ 1x way·yaḥ·šiḵ Psalms 105:28
וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ 1x wat·teḥ·šaḵ Exodus 10:15
חָשַׁ֣ךְ 1x ḥā·šaḵ Job 18:6
Parsing patterns
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular 4x Job 18:6, Isaiah 5:30, Isaiah 13:10, Lamentations 4:8
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular 2x Psalms 139:12, Jeremiah 13:16
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular 1x Amos 8:9
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular 1x Psalms 105:28
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural 1x Ecclesiastes 12:3
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular 1x Micah 3:6
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular 1x Exodus 10:15
Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular 1x Job 38:2
Evidence Summary
Hebrew word. to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
Source Gloss
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
Extended definition Source: Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon + Brown-Driver-Briggs
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken Usage: be black, be (make) dark, darken, cause darkness, be dim, hide.
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups 2 Aligned forms 13
Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 9×
Perfect Ezek 30:18 · Isa 5:30 · Isa 13:10 · Job 18:6 · Lam 4:8 · Lam 5:17 6×
Imperfect Eccl 12:2 · Job 3:9 · Ps 69:24 3×
Hiphil causative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action 4×
Imperfect Jer 13:16 · Ps 139:12 2×
Perfect Amos 5:8 1×
Participle active Job 38:2 1×
Word Origins
חָשַׁךְ is a primitive root - no further derivation.
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain