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Hebrew · H6822, G4645 · unreviewed

צֹפִים

Properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe , await · to harden

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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant

צָפָה H6822 properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe , await
Pronunciation ṣāphāh
Observing with anticipatory posture: leaning forward to peer into distance, connoting vigilant expectation.
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σκληρύνω G4645 to harden
Pronunciation sklērýnō
Hardening the heart against God's word through willful resistance, not mere intellectual disagreement
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What does צֹפִים (tsophim) mean in the Bible?

צָפָה · σκληρύνω is a Hebrew word meaning "guards or observers who warn of danger".

Full entry for צֹפִים (H6822, G4645) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

guards or observers who warn of danger
Grammatical Forms

How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.

Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 11×
Participle active Ezek 3:17 · Ezek 33:7 · Hos 9:8 · Jer 6:17 · Prov 15:3 · Prov 31:27 · Ps 37:32 · Song 7:5 8×
Jussive Gen 31:49 1×
Perfect Isa 56:10 1×
Imperfect Ps 66:7 1×
Piel intensive active — emphasizes thoroughness or repeated action 4×
Participle active 1Sam 4:13 1×
Perfect Lam 4:17 1×
Imperfect Mic 7:7 1×
Sequential imperfect Nah 2:2 1×
15 total occurrences across all forms in the biblical text Morphology: OSHB — CC BY 4.0
Hebrew Verb Forms

How this verb appears across 15 occurrences in the Hebrew OT (OSHB Leningrad Codex).

Aspect / Form
Participle 9 Imperfect 3 Perfect 2 Imperative 1
Stem
Qal 11 Piel 4
Mood
Indicative 2 Jussive 1 Indicative/cohortative 1 Imperative 1 Indicative/jussive 1
OT Occurrences
Gen 31:49 Qal · Imperfect · Jussive 1 Sam 4:13 Piel · Participle Ps 37:32 Qal · Participle Ps 66:7 Qal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive Prov 15:3 Qal · Participle Prov 31:27 Qal · Participle Song 7:5 Qal · Participle Isa 56:10 Qal · Perfect · Indicative Jer 6:17 Qal · Participle Lam 4:17 Piel · Perfect · Indicative Ezek 3:17 Qal · Participle Ezek 33:7 Qal · Participle Hos 9:8 Qal · Participle Mic 7:7 Piel · Imperfect · Indicative/cohortative Nah 2:2 Piel · Imperative · Imperative

Aspect in Hebrew reflects grammatical form, not tense. "Perfect" (Perfective) typically denotes completed action; "Imperfect" (Imperfective) denotes incomplete or ongoing action. Stem modifies the action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive, etc.).

Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

Acts 19 — The Word of the Lord Grows Mightily in Ephesus Romans 9 — God’s Faithfulness, Sovereign Mercy, and Israel’s Stumbling Over Christ

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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