What does קָשָׁה · σκληρύνω mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · σκληρύνω is a Hebrew phrase meaning "to stiffen, stubbornly resist, or become unyielding".
Hebrew · H7185, G4645
מַקְשֶׁה
Properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications) · to harden
Reading a lexicon entry
What this page is: Each lexicon entry shows the original Hebrew or Greek word behind the English translation: its meaning, its range of use, and where it appears in Scripture.
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
קָשָׁהH7185properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
Pronunciationqāšāh
Describes hardness as density or rigidity—physical, moral, or relational—from obstinate resistance to severe cruelty.
Open lexicon entry →σκληρύνωG4645to harden
Pronunciationsklērýnō
Hardening the heart against God's word through willful resistance, not mere intellectual disagreement
Open lexicon entry →What does מַקְשֶׁה (maqsheh) mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · σκληρύνω is a Hebrew phrase meaning "to stiffen, stubbornly resist, or become unyielding".
Full entry for מַקְשֶׁה (H7185, G4645) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for H7185, G4645?
H7185, G4645 is connected to 28 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Hebrew phrase. to stiffen, stubbornly resist, or become unyielding
Source Gloss
to stiffen, stubbornly resist, or become unyielding
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups3Aligned forms18
Hiphilcausative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action13×
Perfect1Kgs 12:4 · 2Chr 10:4 · Deut 2:30 · Exod 13:15 · Job 9:4 · Jer 19:15 · Neh 9:29 · 2Kgs 2:108×
Jussive2Chr 30:8 · Ps 95:82×
ImperfectDeut 10:16 · Exod 7:32×
Participle activeProv 29:11×
Qalbasic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense4×
Perfect1Sam 5:7 · Gen 49:72×
ImperfectDeut 1:17 · Deut 15:182×
Niphalpassive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action1×
Participle activeIsa 8:211×
Word Origins
מַקְשֶׁה is a primitive root - no further derivation.