What does קָשָׁה · רוּחַ mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · רוּחַ is a Hebrew phrase meaning "To harden the spirit — divine sovereign action on an enemy's disposition".
Hebrew · H7185, H7307
קָשָׁה רוּחוֹ
Properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications) · wind ; by resemblance breath , i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation ; figuratively, life , anger , unsubstantiality ; by extension, a region of the sky ; by resemblance spirit , but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
קָשָׁה H7185 properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
Pronunciation qāšāh
Describes hardness as density or rigidity—physical, moral, or relational—from obstinate resistance to severe cruelty.
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רוּחַ H7307 wind ; by resemblance breath , i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation ; figuratively, life , anger , unsubstantiality ; by extension, a region of the sky ; by resemblance spirit , but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
Pronunciation rûaḥ
Invisible animating force: from physical wind/breath to spiritual presence, divine agency, and human consciousness.
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What does קָשָׁה רוּחוֹ (qashah rucho) mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · רוּחַ is a Hebrew phrase meaning "To harden the spirit — divine sovereign action on an enemy's disposition".
Full entry for קָשָׁה רוּחוֹ (H7185, H7307) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for H7185, H7307?
H7185, H7307 is connected to 406 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Hebrew phrase. To harden the spirit — divine sovereign action on an enemy's disposition
Source Gloss
To harden the spirit — divine sovereign action on an enemy's disposition
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups 3 Aligned forms 18
Hiphil causative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action 13×
Perfect 1Kgs 12:4 · 2Chr 10:4 · Deut 2:30 · Exod 13:15 · Job 9:4 · Jer 19:15 · Neh 9:29 · 2Kgs 2:10 8×
Jussive 2Chr 30:8 · Ps 95:8 2×
Imperfect Deut 10:16 · Exod 7:3 2×
Participle active Prov 29:1 1×
Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 4×
Perfect 1Sam 5:7 · Gen 49:7 2×
Imperfect Deut 1:17 · Deut 15:18 2×
Niphal passive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action 1×
Participle active Isa 8:21 1×
Word Origins
קָשָׁה רוּחוֹ is a primitive root - no further derivation.
Cross-Language Connections
Greek words that correspond to or develop the meaning of this Hebrew word in the New Testament.
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain