ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, (agalliasthe) in Matthew 5:12: Verb Second Person Plural Present Middle or Passive Deponent Imperative

Verb: the form names an action or state and functions as a verbal form in its clause.

Present: often views the action as in progress, customary, or presently in view. Context decides the exact force.

Middle or passive deponent: uses this verbal pattern for the lemma in this occurrence; do not force a separate passive or reflexive meaning without context.

Imperative: presents the verbal idea as a command or directive.

Second person: the form directly addresses the hearers.

Not applicable: this finite verb form is not using noun case to mark its clause role.

Plural: the number should be read from this occurrence, not generalized beyond the clause.

Not applicable: this finite verb form does not use grammatical gender.

Jesus' hearers

Jesus' command in Matthew 5:12

Adds a second command of gladness in view of the promised reward.

Do not detach gladness from Jesus' reason: the great reward in heaven.

High: The verb gives the second command in Matthew 5:12.

Coordinated present imperative. commands the hearers to be glad. Attached to Jesus' hearers. Governed by Jesus' command in Matthew 5:12. Read with rejoice and be glad.

What command is paired with rejoice? Be glad.

Direct: The form directly supports be glad.

This occurrence must be read within rejoice and be glad, not as a standalone word study.

The witness reads ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, in Matthew 5:12.

The lemma ἀγαλλιάω carries the gloss "I exult, am full of joy", and here it names exulting or being full of joy.

The imperative is coordinated with rejoice and shares the reason clause that follows.

Jesus commands gladness because the reward in heaven is great.

The form intensifies the commanded response to persecution under kingdom reward.

Use it to show that Jesus gives more than endurance: he commands joy grounded in promise.

Do not use the command to deny grief, danger, or the seriousness of persecution.