To/with
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Pros is a Greek preposition that can mark movement toward, relation to, address to, opposition against, or presence with, depending on the phrase. It is the word behind ordinary direction such as going to the lost sheep, relational language such as the Word being with God, peace with God, face-to-face hope, and struggle against spiritual powers.
Reader summary
Full entry for πρός (G4314) · Open the biblical lexicon
Pros is a Greek preposition that can mark movement toward, relation to, address to, opposition against, or presence with, depending on the phrase. It is the word behind ordinary direction such as going to the lost sheep, relational language such as the Word being with God, peace with God, face-to-face hope, and struggle against spiritual powers.
The BSB source-word alignment has 702 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include to (348), - (72), . . . (67), with (42), for (30).
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Matthew 2:12. Its strongest book concentrations include Luke (166), Acts (134), John (103), Mark (65).
Pros is a Greek preposition that can mark movement toward, relation to, address to, opposition against, or presence with, depending on the phrase. It is the word behind ordinary direction such as going to the lost sheep, relational language such as the Word being with God, peace with God, face-to-face hope, and struggle against spiritual powers. Its pastoral value is relational and directional clarity.
Pros can show where someone goes, whom someone faces, with whom someone has communion, or against whom a struggle is directed. The word must not be flattened into intimacy in every occurrence. In John 1:1 and 1 John 1:2 it carries high Christological and fellowship weight, but other passages use it for direction, address, or opposition.
Pros marks direction, relation, presence, or opposition across Gospel mission, Johannine Christology, justification, resurrection hope, spiritual conflict, and apostolic proclamation.
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
John says the Word was with God, using pros in a foundational Christological statement about the Word's relation to God.
Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
Paul says justified believers have peace with God through the Lord Jesus Christ.
Now we see but a dim reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.
Paul contrasts present partial knowledge with the future face-to-face knowing that awaits believers.
For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this world’s darkness, and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.
Paul uses repeated against language to locate the church's struggle against spiritual powers rather than flesh and blood.
And this is the life that was revealed; we have seen it and testified to it, and we proclaim to you the eternal life that was with the Father and was revealed to us.
John proclaims the eternal life that was with the Father and was revealed to apostolic witnesses.
Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.
Jesus directs the Twelve to go to the lost sheep of Israel, showing ordinary directional use in mission instruction.
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders ItA compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
Greek word. Directional preposition expressing motion toward, relational proximity, and purpose; often indicates goal or intended endpoint.
Textus Receptus witness, full corpusGreek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
16 of 711 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
to, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseto, towards, with
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 1 case and number pattern. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Showing 5 selected witnesses from 696 lexical occurrence verses.
πρός is built from this root:
Compound and idiomatic phrases that include this word. Follow a link to study the phrase and how its parts work together.
The core insight of pros is that Scripture often clarifies relation by showing orientation. The Word is with God in John 1:1, and eternal life was with the Father in 1 John 1:2. Justified believers have peace with God. Believers await face-to-face knowing. The church wrestles not against flesh and blood but against spiritual powers. The Twelve are sent to Israel's lost sheep.
Those are different uses, but each asks the reader to see orientation: toward whom, with whom, before whom, or against whom. Pros is not a universal intimacy marker. It is a relational and directional servant of the sentence.
John.1.1
Pros commonly governs an accusative phrase and can carry direction, relation, address, or opposition. English with, to, toward, or against may all be appropriate, but each rendering depends on the local phrase.
Across Scripture, God creates, calls, reconciles, sends, and opposes evil in relational terms. Pros participates in New Testament relation language, especially in John's witness to the Son with the Father and Paul's teaching on peace with God, but each use must remain governed by its phrase.