πωρόω
To harden
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What does πωρόω (pōróō) mean in the Bible?
πωρόω (pōróō) is a Greek word meaning "to harden". πωρόω, -ῶ (πῶρος, 1. Describes the judicial hardening of those who persist in unbelief.
Meaning
Spiritual hardening as a callous forming on the heart, resistant to God's truth and mercy
(πῶρος, 1. a stone. 2. a callus) [in LXX: Job.17:7 B(כָּהָה), Pro.10:20 A * ;] to petrify, harden, form a callus. Metaphorical, π. τ. καρδίαν, Jhn.12:40. Pass., Rom.11:7; τ. νοήματα, 2Co.3:14; ἡ καρδία, Mrk.6:52 8:17
Why This Word Matters
Describes the judicial hardening of those who persist in unbelief. Mark 6:45–52
Describes spiritual insensitivity. Mark 8:14–21
Indicates spiritual insensitivity. Romans 11:1-10
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 2×
Indicative states a fact or reality 3×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 4 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Biblical Occurrences
Each occurrence shows the passage reference, the original language term as it appears in that context, its transliteration, and the contextual sense.
Appears In
Compound and idiomatic lexemes in which this word is a constituent. Follow a link to study the phrase and its other participating words.
Word Pictures (Robertson)
A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.
A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain