What does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) mean in the Bible?
πώρωσις (pṓrōsis): Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
Greek · G4457
πώρωσις
Stupidity or callousness
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πώρωσις G4457
Pronunciation pṓrōsis
What does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) mean in the Bible?
πώρωσις (pṓrōsis): Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
Full entry for πώρωσις (G4457) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render G4457?
The BSB source-word alignment has 3 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include hardness (2), A hardening (1).
Where does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Mark 3:5. Its strongest book concentrations include Ephesians (1), Mark (1), Romans (1).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders It hardness 2× Mark 3:5, Ephesians 4:18
A hardening 1× Romans 11:25
Show sample aligned rows
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned row Mark 3:5
Aligned rows 3
Books represented 3
Mark 1 Romans 1 Ephesians 1
Source forms
πωρώσει 1x pōrōsei Mark 3:5
πώρωσιν 1x pōrōsin Ephesians 4:18
πώρωσις 1x pōrōsis Romans 11:25
Parsing patterns
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular 1x Ephesians 4:18
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular 1x Mark 3:5
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular 1x Romans 11:25
Evidence Summary
Greek word. Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
Strong's G4457
Lexical occurrences 3 verses Greek text appearances 3 times Word forms 3 forms 3 references Verse guides 0 guides
Study link Mark 3:1–6 Source Gloss
stupidity or callousness
Greek Text Appearances
Textus Receptus witness, full corpus Greek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
3 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
Mark 3:5 Noun Dative Singular Feminine
πωρώσει pwrwsei
hardness of heart
Read verse Romans 11:25 Noun Nominative Singular Feminine
πώρωσις pwrwsiv
hardness of heart
Read verse Ephesians 4:18 Noun Accusative Singular Feminine
πώρωσιν pwrwsin
hardness of heart
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
Grammatical Forms
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 3 case and number patterns. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Form patterns 3 Aligned forms 3 Case pattern Accusative (1) Number pattern Singular (3)
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Nominative · Singular · Feminine Rom 11:25 1×
Dative · Singular · Feminine Mark 3:5 1×
Accusative · Singular · Feminine Eph 4:18 1×
Selected Scripture Witnesses
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Additional Occurrences
Mark 3:1–6 πώρωσις pṓrōsis
hardness, callousness
New Testament Witnesses
hardness of heart
Showing 2 selected witnesses from 3 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
πώρωσις is built from this root:
Why This Word Matters
Identifies spiritual insensitivity to divine mercy.
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain