What does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) mean in the Bible?
πώρωσις (pṓrōsis): Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
Greek · G4457
πώρωσις
πώρωσις (pṓrōsis): Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
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πώρωσιςG4457
Pronunciationpṓrōsis
What does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) mean in the Bible?
Full entry for πώρωσις (G4457) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render G4457?
The BSB source-word alignment has 3 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include hardness (2), A hardening (1).
Where does πώρωσις (pṓrōsis) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Mark 3:5. Its strongest book concentrations include Ephesians (1), Mark (1), Romans (1).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders Ithardness2×Mark 3:5, Ephesians 4:18
A hardening1×Romans 11:25
Show sample aligned rows
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned rowMark 3:5
Aligned rows3
Books represented3
Mark1Romans1Ephesians1
Source forms
πωρώσει1xpōrōseiMark 3:5
πώρωσιν1xpōrōsinEphesians 4:18
πώρωσις1xpōrōsisRomans 11:25
Parsing patterns
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular1xEphesians 4:18
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular1xMark 3:5
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular1xRomans 11:25
Evidence Summary
Greek word. Spiritual hardening or insensitivity resulting from willful resistance to God's truth and grace.
Strong'sG4457
Lexical occurrences3 versesGreek text appearances3 timesWord forms3 forms3 referencesVerse guides0 guides
Study linkMark 3:1–6Source Gloss
stupidity or callousness
Greek Text Appearances
Textus Receptus witness, full corpusGreek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
3 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
Mark 3:5Noun Dative Singular Feminine
πωρώσειpwrwsei
hardness of heart
Read verseRomans 11:25Noun Nominative Singular Feminine
πώρωσιςpwrwsiv
hardness of heart
Read verseEphesians 4:18Noun Accusative Singular Feminine
πώρωσινpwrwsin
hardness of heart
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
Grammatical Forms
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 3 case and number patterns. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Form patterns3Aligned forms3Case patternAccusative (1)Number patternSingular (3)
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Nominative · Singular · FeminineRom 11:251×
Dative · Singular · FeminineMark 3:51×
Accusative · Singular · FeminineEph 4:181×
Selected Scripture Witnesses
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Additional Occurrences
Mark 3:1–6πώρωσιςpṓrōsis
hardness, callousness
New Testament Witnesses
hardness of heart
Showing 2 selected witnesses from 3 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
πώρωσις is built from this root:
Why This Word Matters
Identifies spiritual insensitivity to divine mercy.