ἐσταυρωμένον (estauromenon) in Matthew 28:5: Verb Perfect Passive Participle Accusative Singular Masculine
ἐσταυρωμένον (estauromenon) in Matthew 28:5
Textual Witness
The witness reads ἐσταυρωμένον in Matthew 28:5 in the phrase Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον.
How The Form Affects Interpretation
The attributive participle keeps the crucifixion before the reader as the resurrection announcement begins.
How To Communicate It
Use this form to show that the risen one announced in the scene is the same Jesus who was crucified.
What Not To Say
- Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
- Do not separate the crucifixion description from the resurrection announcement.
- Do not make perfect aspect prove more than completed action with continuing relevance in context.
- Do not turn grammatical gender into a theological gender claim.
What Does The Label Mean?
Verb: the form is a participle, so it carries verbal action while also functioning like a descriptive clause element.
Perfect: commonly presents a completed action with continuing relevance. Context decides the exact emphasis.
Passive: presents Jesus as the one acted upon in the crucifixion.
Participle: carries a verbal idea while also functioning like an adjective or clause element. Context decides its role.
Accusative: the participle agrees with Ἰησοῦν as the object of ζητεῖτε.
Singular: the form describes one person, Jesus, in this occurrence.
Masculine: the masculine form agrees with Ἰησοῦν and does not by itself make a broader theological gender claim.
What The Form Does In This Verse
Ἰησοῦν
The article and participle identify the Jesus whom the women are seeking.
It names Jesus as the crucified one in the very scene where his resurrection is announced.
It does not keep Jesus in the state of death, and it does not retell the whole crucifixion narrative by itself.
How Much The Form Matters Here
High: The participle identifies Jesus by the crucifixion at the moment his resurrection is announced.
Attributive participle identifying Jesus. identifies the Jesus whom the women seek as the crucified one. Attached to Ἰησοῦν. Governed by the object phrase of ζητεῖτε. The form should be read with the following resurrection announcement.
How is Jesus identified in the angel's words? He is identified as the crucified one whom the women are seeking.
Direct: The form directly supports a rendering such as "the crucified one" or "who was crucified."
The perfect participle identifies Jesus in light of the crucifixion, but the next verse announces resurrection.
Crucified description cancels resurrection: The participle identifies Jesus by the cross, and the immediate context announces that he has been raised.
How The Interpretation Is Derived
The witness reads ἐσταυρωμένον in Matthew 28:5 in the phrase Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον.
The lemma σταυρόω means to crucify, so the form identifies Jesus by the crucifixion.
The accusative participle agrees with Ἰησοῦν, while the perfect passive form presents crucifixion as a completed action with continuing identification in the scene.
The angel names the women as seeking Jesus the crucified, then announces that he has been raised.
The form joins Matthew's passion narrative to the resurrection announcement without letting either event erase the other.
In teaching, explain the participle as an identifying description of Jesus at the empty tomb.
Do not use the participle to imply that Jesus remains dead, and do not make perfect aspect carry the whole theology of the cross.