What does חָתַת (ḥātat) mean in the Bible?
חָתַת (ḥātat): Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Hebrew · H2865
חָתַת
Properly, to prostrate ; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear
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חָתַתH2865
Pronunciationḥātat
What does חָתַת (ḥātat) mean in the Bible?
חָתַת (ḥātat): Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Full entry for חָתַת (H2865) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render H2865?
The BSB source-word alignment has 52 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include or discouraged (8), and be shattered (3), will be shattered (3), are dismayed (2), be dismayed (2).
Where does חָתַת (ḥātat) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Deuteronomy 1:21. Its strongest book concentrations include Jeremiah (19), Isaiah (12), Job (4), 2 Chronicles (3).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders Itor discouraged8×Deuteronomy 1:21, Joshua 8:1, Joshua 10:25, 1 Chronicles 22:13
and be shattered3×Isaiah 8:9
will be shattered3×Isaiah 7:8, Isaiah 30:31, Jeremiah 48:1
are dismayed2×2 Kings 19:26, Isaiah 37:27
be dismayed2×Jeremiah 30:10, Jeremiah 46:27
be terrified2×Jeremiah 17:18
or dismayed2×Jeremiah 23:4, Ezekiel 2:6
[Job’s friends] are dismayed1×Job 32:15
and stood in awe1×Malachi 2:5
and they will be filled with terror1×Jeremiah 50:36
are broken in pieces1×Jeremiah 50:2
are terrified1×Jeremiah 10:2
be broken1×Isaiah 51:7
be intimidated1×Jeremiah 1:17
discouraged1×Deuteronomy 31:8
dismayed1×Ezekiel 3:9
do not be discouraged1×Joshua 1:9
fail1×Isaiah 51:6
frightened1×Job 39:22
I will terrify you1×Jeremiah 1:17
is cracked1×Jeremiah 14:4
is shattered1×Jeremiah 50:2
it has been shattered1×Jeremiah 48:20
or be terrified1×Jeremiah 10:2
shattered [it is]1×Jeremiah 48:39
So I will shatter1×Jeremiah 49:37
terrified1×Isaiah 31:4
terrified me1×Job 31:34
then You frighten me1×Job 7:14
they will be dismayed1×Jeremiah 8:9
were dismayed1×1 Samuel 17:11
will be broken1×Jeremiah 51:56
will be dismayed1×Isaiah 20:5
will be terrified1×Obadiah 1:9
will panic1×Isaiah 31:9
will terrify you1×Habakkuk 2:17
You have shattered1×Isaiah 9:4
Show sample aligned rows
Deuteronomy 1:21תֵּחָֽת׃toor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularDeuteronomy 31:8תֵחָֽת׃todiscouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularJoshua 1:9תֵּחָ֑תtodo not be discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularJoshua 8:1תֵּחָ֔תtoor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularJoshua 10:25תֵּחָ֑תּוּtoor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural1 Samuel 17:11וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּtowere dismayedConjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural2 Kings 19:26חַ֖תּוּtoare dismayedVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural1 Chronicles 22:13תֵּחָֽת׃toor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular1 Chronicles 28:20תֵּחָ֑תtoor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular2 Chronicles 20:15תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙toor discouragedVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned rowDeuteronomy 1:21
Aligned rows52
Books represented13
Deuteronomy2Joshua31 Samuel12 Kings11 Chronicles22 Chronicles3Job4Isaiah12Jeremiah19Ezekiel2Obadiah1Habakkuk1Malachi1
Source forms
חַ֖תּוּ4xḥat·tū2 Kings 19:26, Isaiah 37:27, Jeremiah 8:9, Jeremiah 50:2
וְחַתּ֥וּ2xwə·ḥat·tūIsaiah 31:9, Obadiah 1:9
וָחֹ֔תּוּ2xwā·ḥōt·tūIsaiah 8:9
תֵּחַ֣ת2xtê·ḥaṯJeremiah 30:10, Jeremiah 46:27
תֵּחָ֑ת2xtê·ḥāṯJoshua 1:9, 1 Chronicles 28:20
תֵּחָ֔ת2xtê·ḥāṯJoshua 8:1, Ezekiel 2:6
תֵּחָֽת׃2xtê·ḥāṯDeuteronomy 1:21, 1 Chronicles 22:13
תֵּחָ֑תּוּ2xtê·ḥāt·tūJoshua 10:25, Jeremiah 10:2
Parsing patterns
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular11xDeuteronomy 1:21, Deuteronomy 31:8, Joshua 1:9, Joshua 8:1
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural6xJoshua 10:25, 2 Chronicles 20:15, 2 Chronicles 20:17, 2 Chronicles 32:7
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural5x2 Kings 19:26, Job 32:15, Isaiah 37:27, Jeremiah 8:9
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural4xIsaiah 20:5, Isaiah 31:9, Jeremiah 50:36, Obadiah 1:9
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular4xJob 39:22, Isaiah 7:8, Isaiah 30:31, Isaiah 31:4
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural3xIsaiah 8:9
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural3xJeremiah 10:2, Jeremiah 17:18, Jeremiah 23:4
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular3xJeremiah 14:4, Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39
Evidence Summary
Hebrew word. Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Strong'sH2865
Lexical occurrences51 versesWord forms4 forms37 referencesVerse guides0 guides
Study linkJeremiah 10:1-5Source Gloss
properly, to prostrate ; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear
Extended definitionSource: Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon + Brown-Driver-Briggs
Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear BDB: be shattered Usage: abolish, affright, be (make) afraid, amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down, scare, terrify.
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups4Aligned forms37
Niphalpassive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action25×
Jussive1Chr 22:13 · 1Chr 28:20 · Deut 1:21 · Ezek 2:6 · Jer 1:17 · Jer 30:10 · Jer 46:27 · Josh 1:9 · Josh 8:1 · 2Chr 20:15 · 2Chr 20:17 · 2Chr 32:7 · Isa 51:7 · Jer 10:2 · Josh 10:25 · Jer 17:1816×
ImperfectIsa 30:31 · Isa 31:4 · Job 39:22 · Deut 31:8 · Ezek 3:9 · Isa 51:6 · Jer 23:47×
CohortativeJer 17:181×
PerfectMal 2:51×
Qalbasic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense10×
Perfect2Kgs 19:26 · Isa 37:27 · Jer 8:9 · Jer 50:2 · Job 32:15 · Jer 14:4 · Jer 48:20 · Jer 48:399×
ImperfectJer 10:21×
Hiphilcausative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action1×
PerfectIsa 9:31×
Pielintensive active — emphasizes thoroughness or repeated action1×
PerfectJer 51:561×
Selected Scripture Witness
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Biblical Witnesses
to be afraid or terrified by signs and omens, figurative confusion and fear
Showing 1 selected witness from 51 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
חָתַת is a primitive root - no further derivation.
Part of These Phrases
Compound and idiomatic phrases that include this word. Follow a link to study the phrase and how its parts work together.