What does חָתַת (ḥātat) mean in the Bible?
חָתַת (ḥātat): Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Hebrew · H2865
חָתַת
Properly, to prostrate ; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear
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חָתַת H2865
Pronunciation ḥātat
What does חָתַת (ḥātat) mean in the Bible?
חָתַת (ḥātat): Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Full entry for חָתַת (H2865) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render H2865?
The BSB source-word alignment has 52 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include or discouraged (8), and be shattered (3), will be shattered (3), are dismayed (2), be dismayed (2).
Where does חָתַת (ḥātat) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Deuteronomy 1:21. Its strongest book concentrations include Jeremiah (19), Isaiah (12), Job (4), 2 Chronicles (3).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders It or discouraged 8× Deuteronomy 1:21, Joshua 8:1, Joshua 10:25, 1 Chronicles 22:13
and be shattered 3× Isaiah 8:9
will be shattered 3× Isaiah 7:8, Isaiah 30:31, Jeremiah 48:1
are dismayed 2× 2 Kings 19:26, Isaiah 37:27
be dismayed 2× Jeremiah 30:10, Jeremiah 46:27
be terrified 2× Jeremiah 17:18
or dismayed 2× Jeremiah 23:4, Ezekiel 2:6
[Job’s friends] are dismayed 1× Job 32:15
and stood in awe 1× Malachi 2:5
and they will be filled with terror 1× Jeremiah 50:36
are broken in pieces 1× Jeremiah 50:2
are terrified 1× Jeremiah 10:2
be broken 1× Isaiah 51:7
be intimidated 1× Jeremiah 1:17
discouraged 1× Deuteronomy 31:8
dismayed 1× Ezekiel 3:9
do not be discouraged 1× Joshua 1:9
fail 1× Isaiah 51:6
frightened 1× Job 39:22
I will terrify you 1× Jeremiah 1:17
is cracked 1× Jeremiah 14:4
is shattered 1× Jeremiah 50:2
it has been shattered 1× Jeremiah 48:20
or be terrified 1× Jeremiah 10:2
shattered [it is] 1× Jeremiah 48:39
So I will shatter 1× Jeremiah 49:37
terrified 1× Isaiah 31:4
terrified me 1× Job 31:34
then You frighten me 1× Job 7:14
they will be dismayed 1× Jeremiah 8:9
were dismayed 1× 1 Samuel 17:11
will be broken 1× Jeremiah 51:56
will be dismayed 1× Isaiah 20:5
will be terrified 1× Obadiah 1:9
will panic 1× Isaiah 31:9
will terrify you 1× Habakkuk 2:17
You have shattered 1× Isaiah 9:4
Show sample aligned rows
Deuteronomy 1:21 תֵּחָֽת׃ to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Deuteronomy 31:8 תֵחָֽת׃ to discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Joshua 1:9 תֵּחָ֑ת to do not be discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Joshua 8:1 תֵּחָ֔ת to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular Joshua 10:25 תֵּחָ֑תּוּ to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural 1 Samuel 17:11 וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ to were dismayed Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural 2 Kings 19:26 חַ֖תּוּ to are dismayed Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural 1 Chronicles 22:13 תֵּחָֽת׃ to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular 1 Chronicles 28:20 תֵּחָ֑ת to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular 2 Chronicles 20:15 תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙ to or discouraged Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned row Deuteronomy 1:21
Aligned rows 52
Books represented 13
Deuteronomy 2 Joshua 3 1 Samuel 1 2 Kings 1 1 Chronicles 2 2 Chronicles 3 Job 4 Isaiah 12 Jeremiah 19 Ezekiel 2 Obadiah 1 Habakkuk 1 Malachi 1
Source forms
חַ֖תּוּ 4x ḥat·tū 2 Kings 19:26, Isaiah 37:27, Jeremiah 8:9, Jeremiah 50:2
וְחַתּ֥וּ 2x wə·ḥat·tū Isaiah 31:9, Obadiah 1:9
וָחֹ֔תּוּ 2x wā·ḥōt·tū Isaiah 8:9
תֵּחַ֣ת 2x tê·ḥaṯ Jeremiah 30:10, Jeremiah 46:27
תֵּחָ֑ת 2x tê·ḥāṯ Joshua 1:9, 1 Chronicles 28:20
תֵּחָ֔ת 2x tê·ḥāṯ Joshua 8:1, Ezekiel 2:6
תֵּחָֽת׃ 2x tê·ḥāṯ Deuteronomy 1:21, 1 Chronicles 22:13
תֵּחָ֑תּוּ 2x tê·ḥāt·tū Joshua 10:25, Jeremiah 10:2
Parsing patterns
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular 11x Deuteronomy 1:21, Deuteronomy 31:8, Joshua 1:9, Joshua 8:1
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural 6x Joshua 10:25, 2 Chronicles 20:15, 2 Chronicles 20:17, 2 Chronicles 32:7
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural 5x 2 Kings 19:26, Job 32:15, Isaiah 37:27, Jeremiah 8:9
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural 4x Isaiah 20:5, Isaiah 31:9, Jeremiah 50:36, Obadiah 1:9
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular 4x Job 39:22, Isaiah 7:8, Isaiah 30:31, Isaiah 31:4
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural 3x Isaiah 8:9
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural 3x Jeremiah 10:2, Jeremiah 17:18, Jeremiah 23:4
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular 3x Jeremiah 14:4, Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39
Evidence Summary
Hebrew word. Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
Strong's H2865
Lexical occurrences 51 verses Word forms 4 forms 37 references Verse guides 0 guides
Study link Jeremiah 10:1-5 Source Gloss
properly, to prostrate ; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear
Extended definition Source: Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon + Brown-Driver-Briggs
Inward collapse through fear or outward breaking through violence; shattering at core level
properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear BDB: be shattered Usage: abolish, affright, be (make) afraid, amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down, scare, terrify.
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups 4 Aligned forms 37
Niphal passive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action 25×
Jussive 1Chr 22:13 · 1Chr 28:20 · Deut 1:21 · Ezek 2:6 · Jer 1:17 · Jer 30:10 · Jer 46:27 · Josh 1:9 · Josh 8:1 · 2Chr 20:15 · 2Chr 20:17 · 2Chr 32:7 · Isa 51:7 · Jer 10:2 · Josh 10:25 · Jer 17:18 16×
Imperfect Isa 30:31 · Isa 31:4 · Job 39:22 · Deut 31:8 · Ezek 3:9 · Isa 51:6 · Jer 23:4 7×
Cohortative Jer 17:18 1×
Perfect Mal 2:5 1×
Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 10×
Perfect 2Kgs 19:26 · Isa 37:27 · Jer 8:9 · Jer 50:2 · Job 32:15 · Jer 14:4 · Jer 48:20 · Jer 48:39 9×
Imperfect Jer 10:2 1×
Hiphil causative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action 1×
Perfect Isa 9:3 1×
Piel intensive active — emphasizes thoroughness or repeated action 1×
Perfect Jer 51:56 1×
Selected Scripture Witness
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Biblical Witnesses
to be afraid or terrified by signs and omens, figurative confusion and fear
Showing 1 selected witness from 51 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
חָתַת is a primitive root - no further derivation.
Part of These Phrases
Compound and idiomatic phrases that include this word. Follow a link to study the phrase and how its parts work together.
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain