Hebrew · H398, G2068 · unreviewed

Akal

To eat (literally or figuratively) · to eat

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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant

אָכַל H398 to eat (literally or figuratively)

Pronunciation akal

Encompasses consuming and destruction; figuratively denotes covenant violation, judgment, or moral corruption through eating imagery.

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ἐσθίω G2068 to eat

Pronunciation esthíō

Eating as participation in community meals and sacred rituals, not merely consuming food.

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What does akal (akal) mean in the Bible?

אָכַל · ἐσθίω is a Hebrew word meaning "to eat or consume".

Full entry for akal (H398, G2068) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to eat or consume

Grammatical Forms

How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.

Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 357×

Imperfect 1Sam 9:13 · 1Sam 14:24 · 1Sam 14:28 · 2Sam 9:10 · Amos 4:9 · Deut 28:33 · Deut 28:55 · Eccl 2:25 · Eccl 5:11 · Eccl 5:16 · Exod 12:43 · Exod 12:45 · Exod 12:48 · Exod 29:33 · Gen 49:27 · Isa 7:15 211×

Perfect 1Kgs 13:28 · 1Kgs 21:4 · 1Sam 14:30 · 1Sam 20:34 · 1Sam 28:20 · 1Sam 30:12 · Exod 34:28 · Ezek 18:6 · Ezek 18:11 · Ezek 18:15 · Ezek 19:3 · Ezek 19:6 · Ezra 10:6 · Jer 22:15 · Job 21:25 · Job 31:17 71×

Participle active 1Chr 12:40 · 1Kgs 1:25 · 1Kgs 4:20 · 1Kgs 18:19 · 1Kgs 21:5 · 1Sam 30:16 · 2Sam 9:11 · 2Sam 9:13 · Deut 4:24 · Deut 9:3 · Exod 12:15 · Exod 12:19 · Exod 24:17 · Ezek 36:13 · Gen 39:6 · Gen 40:17 37×

Infinitive absolute 1Sam 14:30 · 2Chr 31:10 · 2Kgs 4:43 · 2Kgs 19:29 · Gen 2:16 · Gen 31:15 · Hag 1:6 · Isa 21:5 · Isa 22:13 · Isa 37:30 · Joel 2:26 · Lev 10:18 · Prov 25:27 14×

Sequential imperfect 1Kgs 18:41 · 1Kgs 19:5 · 1Kgs 19:7 · 1Kgs 21:7 · 1Sam 9:24 · Eccl 9:7 · Ezek 3:1 · Prov 23:7 · Prov 24:13 · Prov 25:16 · Neh 8:10 · Song 5:1 13×

Jussive Esth 4:16 · Exod 12:9 · Judg 13:4 · Judg 13:7 · 1Kgs 13:22 · Exod 12:44 · Judg 13:14 7×

Infinitive construct 1Sam 1:9 · Deut 12:23 · Gen 3:11 3×

Cohortative Deut 12:20 1×

Niphal passive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action 41×

Imperfect Deut 12:22 · Exod 12:16 · Exod 12:46 · Exod 13:3 · Exod 13:7 · Exod 21:28 · Exod 29:34 · Ezek 45:21 · Gen 6:21 · Lev 7:6 · Lev 7:15 · Lev 7:16 · Lev 7:18 · Lev 7:19 · Lev 11:34 · Lev 11:41 39×

Infinitive absolute Lev 7:18 · Lev 19:7 2×

Qal passive 5×

Perfect Nah 1:10 · Neh 2:3 · Neh 2:13 3×

Participle passive Exod 3:2 1×

Imperfect Isa 1:20 1×

Hiphil causative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action 4×

Imperfect Ezek 3:3 · Hos 11:4 2×

Perfect Exod 16:32 1×

Participle active Jer 23:15 1×

Hebrew Verb Forms

How this verb appears across 407 occurrences in the Hebrew OT (OSHB Leningrad Codex).

Aspect / Form

Imperfect 259 Perfect 72 Participle 38 Infinitive absolute 16 Imperative 13 Infinitive construct 3 Perfective 3 Cohortative 1 Participle passive 1 Imperfective 1

Stem

Qal 357 Niphal 41 Qal passive 5 Hiphil 4

Mood

Indicative/jussive 240 Indicative 72 Imperative 13 Indicative/cohortative 12 Jussive 7

OT Occurrences

Aspect in Hebrew reflects grammatical form, not tense. "Perfect" (Perfective) typically denotes completed action; "Imperfect" (Imperfective) denotes incomplete or ongoing action. Stem modifies the action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive, etc.).

Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

John 6 — The Bread of Life, the Words of Eternal Life, and the Crisis of True Discipleship Matthew 11 — The Messiah Question, the Rejected Generation, and Rest for the Weary Matthew 14 — The Death of John, the Compassion of Jesus, and the Son of God over Bread, Sea, and Fear Matthew 25 — Readiness, Stewardship, and the Final Judgment of the Son of Man Romans 14 — Receiving One Another, Honoring the Lord, and Pursuing Peace in Matters of Conscience

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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