Hebrew · H4191, G599 · unreviewed

מוּת

To die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill · to die off (literally or figuratively)

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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant

מוּת H4191 to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Pronunciation mût

Moves from literal death to spiritual/covenantal death; God's instrument of judgment and consequence for covenant violation.

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ἀποθνήσκω G599 to die off (literally or figuratively)

Pronunciation apothnḗskō

Death as severance—natural, violent, or spiritual—often involving sacrifice or separation from life/sin.

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What does מוּת (muth) mean in the Bible?

מוּת · ἀποθνήσκω is a Hebrew word meaning "to die or perish".

Full entry for מוּת (H4191, G599) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to die or perish

Grammatical Forms

How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.

Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 322×

Imperfect 1Sam 14:39 · 1Sam 14:45 · 2Kgs 8:10 · 2Kgs 13:14 · 2Kgs 14:6 · 2Sam 3:33 · 2Sam 12:14 · Amos 7:11 · Deut 20:5 · Deut 20:6 · Deut 20:7 · Deut 24:3 · Eccl 2:16 · Exod 9:4 · Exod 21:18 · Exod 28:35 168×

Perfect 1Chr 10:5 · 1Kgs 3:21 · 1Kgs 11:21 · 1Kgs 14:17 · 1Kgs 21:15 · 1Kgs 21:16 · 1Sam 14:45 · 1Sam 17:51 · 1Sam 25:39 · 1Sam 28:3 · 1Sam 31:5 · 2Chr 22:10 · 2Kgs 4:1 · 2Kgs 11:1 · 2Sam 1:5 · 2Sam 2:7 70×

Infinitive absolute 1Kgs 2:37 · 1Kgs 2:42 · 1Sam 14:39 · 1Sam 14:44 · 1Sam 22:16 · 2Kgs 1:4 · 2Kgs 1:6 · 2Kgs 1:16 · 2Kgs 8:10 · 2Sam 12:14 · 2Sam 14:14 · Exod 19:12 · Exod 21:12 · Exod 21:15 · Exod 21:16 · Exod 21:17 49×

Participle active 1Sam 24:15 · 2Kgs 4:32 · 2Kgs 19:35 · 2Kgs 20:1 · 2Kgs 23:30 · 2Sam 14:2 · 2Sam 19:7 · Deut 4:22 · Exod 12:30 · Exod 12:33 · Exod 14:30 · Ezek 24:17 · Ezek 44:25 · Gen 20:3 · Gen 30:1 · Gen 48:21 30×

Jussive Job 36:14 · Num 23:10 · Deut 33:6 3×

Cohortative 1Sam 12:19 · Gen 46:30 2×

Hophal causative passive — the subject is caused to perform the action 65×

Imperfect 1Kgs 2:24 · 1Sam 11:13 · 1Sam 19:6 · 1Sam 20:32 · 2Chr 15:13 · 2Chr 23:7 · 2Chr 23:14 · 2Kgs 11:8 · 2Kgs 14:6 · 2Sam 19:22 · 2Sam 19:23 · Deut 13:6 · Deut 17:6 · Exod 19:12 · Exod 21:12 · Exod 21:15 60×

Perfect 2Kgs 11:2 · 2Sam 21:9 2×

Jussive 2Kgs 11:15 · Jer 38:4 2×

Participle passive 1Sam 19:11 1×

Hiphil causative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action 30×

Perfect 1Chr 19:18 · 2Chr 25:4 · 2Kgs 14:6 · 2Kgs 16:9 · 2Sam 3:30 · 2Sam 21:1 · Judg 16:30 · 1Sam 30:2 · 2Chr 23:21 · 2Kgs 11:20 · 2Sam 13:32 · Num 17:6 13×

Imperfect 1Kgs 1:51 · 1Kgs 19:17 · 1Sam 5:11 · Isa 11:4 · Job 9:23 · Num 35:19 · Num 35:21 · Deut 32:39 · Gen 42:37 · Job 5:2 11×

Participle active 1Sam 2:6 · 2Kgs 17:26 · Jer 26:15 3×

Infinitive absolute 2Kgs 11:15 · Jer 38:15 2×

Infinitive construct Lev 20:4 1×

Polel 3×

Participle active 1Sam 14:13 1×

Perfect 2Sam 1:16 1×

Imperfect Ps 34:22 1×

Hebrew Verb Forms

How this verb appears across 420 occurrences in the Hebrew OT (OSHB Leningrad Codex).

Aspect / Form

Imperfect 244 Perfect 85 Infinitive absolute 51 Participle 33 Cohortative 2 Participle active 1 Participle passive 1 Perfective 1 Infinitive construct 1 Imperfective 1

Stem

Qal 322 Hophal 65 Hiphil 30 Polel 3

Mood

Indicative/jussive 214 Indicative 85 Indicative/cohortative 25 Jussive 5

OT Occurrences

Aspect in Hebrew reflects grammatical form, not tense. "Perfect" (Perfective) typically denotes completed action; "Imperfect" (Imperfective) denotes incomplete or ongoing action. Stem modifies the action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive, etc.).

Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

1 Corinthians 15 — Christ Is Risen, the Dead Will Be Raised, and Death Will Be Destroyed 1 Corinthians 8 — Knowledge, Love, and the Weak Brother in a World of Idols John 11 — The Resurrection and the Life, the Raising of Lazarus, and the Plot to Kill Jesus John 12 — The Anointed King, the Lifted-Up Son of Man, and the Hour of Glory John 18 — The Arrested King: Betrayal, Sovereign Surrender, Denial, Trial, and the Kingdom Not of This World John 21 — The Risen Lord Restores, Commissions, Shepherds, and Testifies through His Witness Romans 14 — Receiving One Another, Honoring the Lord, and Pursuing Peace in Matters of Conscience Romans 6 — Dead to Sin and Alive to God in Christ Jesus

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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