Deuteronomy 15

The Year of Release: Debt, Poverty, and the Generosity of a People Who Remember Egypt

From the seven-year debt release and its open-handed generosity demand vv 1-11 through the Hebrew-slave release with liberal provision and voluntary permanent servitude option vv 12-18 to the firstborn consecration that grounds the chapter economics in the LORD ownership of all first-increase vv 19-23.

World English Bible, Public Domain

At the end of every seven years every creditor releases every debt owed by a covenant brother.

Deuteronomy 15:1-6

Every seventh year, Israel must release fellow Israelites from debt because the LORD's covenant blessing is meant to produce mercy, sufficiency, and freedom among His people.

1 At the end of every seven years, you shall cancel debts.

2 This is the way it shall be done: every creditor shall release that which he has lent to his neighbor. He shall not require payment from his neighbor and his brother, because Yahweh’s release has been proclaimed.

3 Of a foreigner you may require it; but whatever of yours is with your brother, your hand shall release.

The LORD blessing will produce a community without poverty if Israel obeys.

4 However there will be no poor with you (for Yahweh will surely bless you in the land which Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance to possess)

5 if only you diligently listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all this commandment which I command you today.

6 For Yahweh your God will bless you, as he promised you. You will lend to many nations, but you will not borrow. You will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you.

If a poor brother is present open wide the hand and lend for every need.

Deuteronomy 15:7-11

The LORD's redeemed people must not let fear of loss harden their hearts against the poor, but must open their hands freely because covenant blessing is received under God's ownership and mercy.

7 If a poor man, one of your brothers, is with you within any of your gates in your land which Yahweh your God gives you, you shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand from your poor brother;

8 but you shall surely open your hand to him, and shall surely lend him sufficient for his need, which he lacks.

Warning against calculating that the release year makes lending pointless.

9 Beware that there not be a wicked thought in your heart, saying, “The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand,” and your eye be evil against your poor brother and you give him nothing; and he cry to Yahweh against you, and it be sin to you.

Give freely and the LORD will bless all the work of your hands.

10 You shall surely give, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him, because it is for this thing Yahweh your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you put your hand to.

Poverty will always be present therefore keep opening the hand to the needy.

11 For the poor will never cease out of the land. Therefore I command you to surely open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor, in your land.

A Hebrew sold into servitude serves six years and goes free in the seventh not empty-handed.

Deuteronomy 15:12-18

Redeemed people must not keep fellow covenant members in bondage for their own gain, but must release them generously because the LORD's redemption governs Israel's household economy.

12 If your brother, a Hebrew man, or a Hebrew woman, is sold to you and serves you six years, then in the seventh year you shall let him go free from you.

13 When you let him go free from you, you shall not let him go empty.

Give proportionally to the LORD blessing from flock threshing floor and winepress.

14 You shall furnish him liberally out of your flock, out of your threshing floor, and out of your wine press. As Yahweh your God has blessed you, you shall give to him.

The memory of Egypt and redemption grounds the obligation to release and give generously.

15 You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and Yahweh your God redeemed you. Therefore I command you this thing today.

If the slave loves the household and does not wish to leave an awl through the ear to the doorpost.

16 It shall be, if he tells you, “I will not go out from you,” because he loves you and your house, because he is well with you,

17 then you shall take an awl, and thrust it through his ear to the door, and he shall be your servant forever. Also to your female servant you shall do likewise.

Six years of double-hired-service value and the LORD will bless in all you do.

18 It shall not seem hard to you when you let him go free from you; for he has been double the value of a hired hand as he served you six years. Yahweh your God will bless you in all that you do.

The firstborn is the LORD eat it before him at the chosen place annually.

Deuteronomy 15:19-23

The LORD's people must not treat the firstborn of their flocks and herds as ordinary gain, but must consecrate them to Him, rejoice before Him, and guard worship from blemished offering or blood-profane practice.

19 You shall dedicate all the firstborn males that are born of your herd and of your flock to Yahweh your God. You shall do no work with the firstborn of your herd, nor shear the firstborn of your flock.

20 You shall eat it before Yahweh your God year by year in the place which Yahweh shall choose, you and your household.

If the firstborn has a serious defect eat it in the local towns.

21 If it has any defect—is lame or blind, or has any defect whatever, you shall not sacrifice it to Yahweh your God.

22 You shall eat it within your gates. The unclean and the clean shall eat it alike, as the gazelle and as the deer.

The blood must be poured on the ground like water.

23 Only you shall not eat its blood. You shall pour it out on the ground like water.

Key Terms

World English Bible (WEB): Public Domain Scripture text · License details