ἐξουσίας· (exousias) in Colossians 2:10: Noun Genitive Singular Feminine

Noun: this form names an authority or power, not an action, and it functions as a substantive in the clause.

Genitive: the form usually marks a dependent relation, often showing association, description, source, or the whole within which something is named.

Singular: the form is grammatically singular in this occurrence, so it refers to one authority term in the phrase.

Feminine: the noun belongs to the feminine grammatical class, which is a grammar feature and does not itself make a theological or social claim.

πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας

The genitive form is governed by the head noun κεφαλὴ and completes the descriptive phrase about what Christ is head over.

It helps name the scope of Christ's headship by joining with ἀρχῆς in a coordinated genitive phrase that describes ruling powers or authority.

It does not by itself decide whether the emphasis is on source, rank, sphere, or possession; the wider clause carries that meaning.

High: The genitive relation helps define the scope of Christ's headship over rule and authority in Colossians 2:10.

Coordinated genitive singular noun. joins rule and authority as the sphere or scope over which Christ is head. Attached to the headship phrase in Colossians 2:10. Governed by the noun head in the statement about Christ. The grammar supports the scope of Christ's supremacy while the verse and argument supply the theological content.

Over what is Christ named as head? The genitive phrase names rule and authority as the realm included under Christ's headship.

Direct: The genitive relation directly supports wording such as "of every rule and authority."

The genitive relation describes scope or relation here; it should not be flattened into one mechanical category. The singular form names the authority term in the coordinated phrase and does not limit the scope to one earthly office.

Genitive alone defines rank, source, and sphere: The genitive marks relation; the whole phrase and context define the nature of Christ's headship. grammar alone proves a complete theology of powers: The form supports the local claim, while the passage and broader canon frame the theology of powers and authority.

The witness reads ἐξουσίας in the phrase πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας in Colossians 2:10.

The lemma ἐξουσία commonly denotes authority or right to act, and here it names that domain in a noun phrase.

Its genitive form joins the coordinated phrase after κεφαλὴ, so the grammar supports a relation of inclusion under Christ rather than an isolated assertion about authority.

The verse says believers are made complete in Christ, who is described as head over every ruling power and authority.

This fits the larger canonical pattern that presents Christ as supreme over all powers, while keeping the focus on his lordship in this verse.

For teaching and translation, the form helps readers hear a broad claim about Christ's supremacy without forcing a more specific relationship than the syntax provides.

Do not derive a separate doctrine from the genitive alone, and do not treat the case ending as if it settles every nuance of the phrase.