What does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) mean in the Bible?
ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō): Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Greek · G2019
ἐπιφωνέω
To shout
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ἐπιφωνέω G2019
Pronunciation epiphōnéō
What does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) mean in the Bible?
ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō): Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Full entry for ἐπιφωνέω (G2019) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render G2019?
The BSB source-word alignment has 4 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include began to shout (1), outcry (1), they kept shouting (1), were shouting (1).
Where does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Luke 23:21. Its strongest book concentrations include Acts (3), Luke (1).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders It began to shout 1× Acts 12:22
outcry 1× Acts 22:24
they kept shouting 1× Luke 23:21
were shouting 1× Acts 21:34
Show sample aligned rows
Luke 23:21 ἐπεφώνουν to they kept shouting Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Acts 12:22 ἐπεφώνει to began to shout Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular Acts 21:34 ἐπεφώνουν to were shouting Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural Acts 22:24 ἐπεφώνουν to outcry Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned row Luke 23:21
Aligned rows 4
Books represented 2
Luke 1 Acts 3
Source forms
ἐπεφώνουν 3x epephōnoun Luke 23:21, Acts 21:34, Acts 22:24
ἐπεφώνει 1x epephōnei Acts 12:22
Parsing patterns
Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural 3x Luke 23:21, Acts 21:34, Acts 22:24
Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular 1x Acts 12:22
Evidence Summary
Greek word. Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Strong's G2019
Lexical occurrences 4 verses Greek text appearances 3 times Word forms 1 form 4 references Verse guides 0 guides
Source Gloss
to shout
Extended definition Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
to call out, shout: with accusative of thing(s), Act.21:34; with dative of person(s), Act.22:24; before λέγοντες, Luk.23:21; prat. rect., Act.12:22.
Greek Text Appearances
Textus Receptus witness, full corpus Greek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
3 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
Luke 23:21 Verb Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνουν, epefwnoun
I call out, shout
Read verse Acts 12:22 Verb Third Person Singular Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνει, epefwnei
I call out, shout
Read verse Acts 22:24 Verb Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνουν epefwnoun
I call out, shout
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups 1 Aligned forms 4 Tenses Imperfect Voices Active
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Tenses
Voices
Indicative states a fact or reality 4×
Imperfect Active Luke 23:21 · Acts 21:34 · Acts 22:24 · Acts 12:22 4×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 4 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
imperfect 4
Voice
active 4
Mood
indicative 4
NT Occurrences
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Selected Scripture Witness
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Witnesses
Luke 23:13–25 ἐπέκραζον epiphōnéō
They kept shouting
Showing 1 selected witness from 4 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
ἐπιφωνέω is built from these roots:
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain