What does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) mean in the Bible?
ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō): Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Greek · G2019
ἐπιφωνέω
To shout
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ἐπιφωνέωG2019
Pronunciationepiphōnéō
What does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) mean in the Bible?
ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō): Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Full entry for ἐπιφωνέω (G2019) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render G2019?
The BSB source-word alignment has 4 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include began to shout (1), outcry (1), they kept shouting (1), were shouting (1).
Where does ἐπιφωνέω (epiphōnéō) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Luke 23:21. Its strongest book concentrations include Acts (3), Luke (1).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders Itbegan to shout1×Acts 12:22
outcry1×Acts 22:24
they kept shouting1×Luke 23:21
were shouting1×Acts 21:34
Show sample aligned rows
Luke 23:21ἐπεφώνουνtothey kept shoutingVerb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralActs 12:22ἐπεφώνειtobegan to shoutVerb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person SingularActs 21:34ἐπεφώνουνtowere shoutingVerb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person PluralActs 22:24ἐπεφώνουνtooutcryVerb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned rowLuke 23:21
Aligned rows4
Books represented2
Luke1Acts3
Source forms
ἐπεφώνουν3xepephōnounLuke 23:21, Acts 21:34, Acts 22:24
ἐπεφώνει1xepephōneiActs 12:22
Parsing patterns
Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural3xLuke 23:21, Acts 21:34, Acts 22:24
Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular1xActs 12:22
Evidence Summary
Greek word. Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
Strong'sG2019
Lexical occurrences4 versesGreek text appearances3 timesWord forms1 form4 referencesVerse guides0 guides
Source Gloss
to shout
Extended definitionSource: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Public shouting or outcry directed at persons, often expressing collective disapproval or demands in crowds
to call out, shout: with accusative of thing(s), Act.21:34; with dative of person(s), Act.22:24; before λέγοντες, Luk.23:21; prat. rect., Act.12:22.
Greek Text Appearances
Textus Receptus witness, full corpusGreek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
3 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
Luke 23:21Verb Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνουν,epefwnoun
I call out, shout
Read verseActs 12:22Verb Third Person Singular Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνει,epefwnei
I call out, shout
Read verseActs 22:24Verb Third Person Plural Imperfect Active Indicative
ἐπεφώνουνepefwnoun
I call out, shout
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups1Aligned forms4TensesImperfectVoicesActive
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Tenses
Voices
Indicativestates a fact or reality4×
Imperfect ActiveLuke 23:21 · Acts 21:34 · Acts 22:24 · Acts 12:224×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 4 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
imperfect4
Voice
active4
Mood
indicative4
NT Occurrences
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Selected Scripture Witness
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Witnesses
Luke 23:13–25ἐπέκραζονepiphōnéō
They kept shouting
Showing 1 selected witness from 4 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
ἐπιφωνέω is built from these roots: