Ἰουδαίους (Ioudaious) in Romans 3:9: Adjective Accusative Plural Masculine

Adjective: the word functions as a descriptive or classifying term that can qualify a noun or stand in substantival force in context.

Accusative: the form normally marks an object, related complement, or other accusative function, but context must decide the exact role.

Plural: the form refers to more than one referent or to a plural class in this occurrence.

Masculine: the form is in the masculine grammatical class, which here serves agreement and does not by itself make a theological claim.

Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας

The adjective sits within the object phrase of προῃτιασάμεθα and participates in the statement that follows about all being under sin.

It identifies the people spoken of as Jewish, paired with Greeks, and helps name the groups included in the claim.

It does not by itself prove a separate doctrine, and it does not change the lemma into another word or force a narrower sense than the sentence supports.

High: The accusative plural adjective functions substantivally to name Jews in Paul's all-under-sin argument.

Accusative plural substantive adjective within an object phrase. names Jews as one group included with Greeks under the universal charge. Attached to Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας. Governed by the accusation statement leading to πάντας ὑφ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι. The form identifies the group; Paul's argument supplies the universal sin claim.

Which group is named alongside Greeks? The accusative plural form names Jews as one group included in Paul's statement.

Direct: The substantive adjective directly supports rendering the form as 'Jews' in the object phrase.

The masculine plural form should not be turned into a claim about only males. The grammar names a covenant-historical group but does not make an ethnic superiority claim. The universal argument comes from Romans 3, not from the adjective's morphology alone.

Masculine plural means only men are in view: The masculine plural is the Greek form for the group term here and should not narrow the argument to males only. ethnic label creates superiority or exemption: The verse explicitly includes Jews with Greeks under the same sin charge.

The witness reads Ἰουδαίους in Romans 3:9 within the phrase προῃτιασάμεθα γὰρ Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας πάντας ὑφ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι.

The lemma Ἰουδαῖος ordinarily means Judean or Jew, and here the form points to that people-group in plural accusative use.

The accusative form fits the flow of the clause as part of what has been alleged or stated. The grammar helps mark the group named, but the sentence context supplies the point that both Jews and Greeks are included.

In this verse the form contributes to Paul's argument that no group is exempt, since Jews and Greeks alike are placed under sin.

This fits the larger Pauline pattern of treating Jewish identity as a real covenant-historical category while also including it within a universal claim about sin and need.

For readers, the grammar can be rendered as 'Jews' or 'the Jews' depending on style, with the emphasis on the group included in the argument.

Do not derive ethnic superiority, moral superiority, or a special theological status from the masculine plural form itself.