What does ξηρός (xērós) mean in the Bible?
ξηρός (xērós): Physical withering or shriveling, often applied metaphorically to spiritual deadness or moral decay.
Greek · G3584
ξηρός
Arid; by implication, shrunken, earth (as opposed to water)
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ξηρός G3584
Pronunciation xērós
What does ξηρός (xērós) mean in the Bible?
ξηρός (xērós): Physical withering or shriveling, often applied metaphorically to spiritual deadness or moral decay.
Full entry for ξηρός (G3584) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render G3584?
The BSB source-word alignment has 8 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include withered (3), dry (2), [and the] paralyzed (1), [land] (1), a withered (1).
Where does ξηρός (xērós) appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Matthew 12:10. Its strongest book concentrations include Luke (3), Matthew (2), Hebrews (1), John (1).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders It withered 3× Mark 3:3, Luke 6:6, Luke 6:8
dry 2× Luke 23:31, Hebrews 11:29
[and the] paralyzed 1× John 5:3
[land] 1× Matthew 23:15
a withered 1× Matthew 12:10
Show sample aligned rows
Matthew 12:10 ξηράν to a withered Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular Matthew 23:15 ξηρὰν to [land] Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular Mark 3:3 ξηράν to withered Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular Luke 6:6 ξηρά to withered Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular Luke 6:8 ξηρὰν to withered Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular Luke 23:31 ξηρῷ to dry Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular John 5:3 ξηρῶν to [and the] paralyzed Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural Hebrews 11:29 ξηρᾶς to dry Adjective - Genitive Feminine Singular
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned row Matthew 12:10
Aligned rows 8
Books represented 5
Matthew 2 Mark 1 Luke 3 John 1 Hebrews 1
Source forms
ξηράν 2x xēran Matthew 12:10, Mark 3:3
ξηρὰν 2x xēran Matthew 23:15, Luke 6:8
ξηρά 1x xēra Luke 6:6
ξηρᾶς 1x xēras Hebrews 11:29
ξηρῷ 1x xērō Luke 23:31
ξηρῶν 1x xērōn John 5:3
Parsing patterns
Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular 4x Matthew 12:10, Matthew 23:15, Mark 3:3, Luke 6:8
Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular 1x Luke 23:31
Adjective - Genitive Feminine Singular 1x Hebrews 11:29
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural 1x John 5:3
Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular 1x Luke 6:6
Evidence Summary
Greek word. Physical withering or shriveling, often applied metaphorically to spiritual deadness or moral decay.
Strong's G3584
Lexical occurrences 8 verses Greek text appearances 7 times Word forms 5 forms 8 references Verse guides 0 guides
Source Gloss
arid; by implication, shrunken, earth (as opposed to water)
Extended definition Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Physical withering or shriveling, often applied metaphorically to spiritual deadness or moral decay.
dry: metaphorically (of a sinner), ξύλον ξ., Luk.23:31; of members of the body shrunken by disease, withered: Jhn.5:3; of the hand, Mat.12:10 Mrk.3:3, Luk.6:6, 8; of the dry land, ἡ ξηρά (sc. γῆ, cf. Gen.1:9-10; Jon.1:19, al.): Mat.23:15; γῆ, Heb.11:29.
Greek Text Appearances
Textus Receptus witness, full corpus Greek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
7 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
Matthew 12:10 Adjective Accusative Singular Feminine
ξηράν· xhran
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse Matthew 23:15 Adjective Accusative Singular Feminine
ξηρὰν xhran
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse Luke 6:6 Adjective Nominative Singular Feminine
ξηρά. xhra
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse Luke 6:8 Adjective Accusative Singular Feminine
ξηρὰν xhran
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse Luke 23:31 Adjective Dative Singular Neuter
ξηρῷ xhrw
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse John 5:3 Adjective Genitive Plural Masculine
ξηρῶν, xhrwn
dry, withered, dry land
Read verse Hebrews 11:29 Adjective Genitive Singular Feminine
ξηρᾶς· xhrav
dry, withered, dry land
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
Grammatical Forms
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 5 case and number patterns. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Form patterns 5 Aligned forms 8 Case pattern Accusative (4) Number pattern Singular (7)
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
Nominative · Singular · Feminine Luke 6:6 1×
Genitive · Plural · Masculine John 5:3 1×
Genitive · Singular · Feminine Heb 11:29 1×
Dative · Singular · Neuter Luke 23:31 1×
Accusative · Singular · Feminine Matt 12:10 · Matt 23:15 · Mark 3:3 · Luke 6:8 4×
Selected Scripture Witness
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Witnesses
Luke 23:26–31 ξηρόν xērós
Dry
Showing 1 selected witness from 8 lexical occurrence verses.
Word Origins
ξηρός is built from this root:
ξέστης G3582
Part of These Phrases
Compound and idiomatic phrases that include this word. Follow a link to study the phrase and how its parts work together.
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain