Matthew 12

The Lord of the Sabbath, the Servant of the Lord, and the Crisis of Unbelief

Matthew moves from Sabbath controversy in the grainfields, to Sabbath healing in the synagogue, to Isaiah’s Servant fulfillment, to the Beelzebul accusation and Jesus’ warning about blasphemy against the Spirit, to teaching on words and the heart, to the sign of Jonah and judgment against the generation, to the danger of empty reform, and finally to the true family of Jesus.

World English Bible, Public Domain

Jesus defends his disciples and reveals that Sabbath interpretation must bow to mercy, temple fulfillment, and the Son of Man’s lordship.

Matthew 12:1-8

The Lord of the Sabbath defends his hungry disciples and reveals that mercy stands above condemning the innocent.

1 At that time, Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the grain fields. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and to eat.

2 But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said to him, “Behold, your disciples do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.”

3 But he said to them, “Haven’t you read what David did, when he was hungry, and those who were with him;

4 how he entered into God’s house, and ate the show bread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for those who were with him, but only for the priests?

5 Or have you not read in the law, that on the Sabbath day, the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are guiltless?

6 But I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.

7 But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you wouldn’t have condemned the guiltless.

8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Jesus heals on the Sabbath and exposes the Pharisees’ merciless inconsistency.

Matthew 12:9-14

The Lord of the Sabbath restores the wounded man and exposes the deadly mercylessness of his opponents.

9 He departed from there, and went into their synagogue.

10 And behold there was a man with a withered hand. They asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath day?” that they might accuse him.

11 He said to them, “What man is there among you, who has one sheep, and if this one falls into a pit on the Sabbath day, won’t he grab on to it, and lift it out?

12 Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day.”

13 Then he told the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out; and it was restored whole, just like the other.

14 But the Pharisees went out, and conspired against him, how they might destroy him.

Matthew cites Isaiah to reveal Jesus as the gentle Servant who brings justice without crushing the weak.

Matthew 12:15-21

The opposed King is the gentle Servant who heals the weak and brings justice as hope for the nations.

15 Jesus, perceiving that, withdrew from there. Great multitudes followed him; and he healed them all,

16 and commanded them that they should not make him known:

17 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying,

18 “Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; my beloved in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit on him. He will proclaim justice to the nations.

19 He will not strive, nor shout; neither will anyone hear his voice in the streets.

20 He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a smoking flax, until he leads justice to victory.

21 In his name, the nations will hope.”

Jesus refutes the Beelzebul accusation and declares that his exorcisms reveal the arrival of God’s kingdom.

Matthew 12:22-32

The Spirit-empowered King plunders Satan’s house, but hardened hearts call kingdom mercy demonic and stand in danger of unforgivable blasphemy.

22 Then one possessed by a demon, blind and mute, was brought to him and he healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw.

23 All the multitudes were amazed, and said, “Can this be the son of David?”

24 But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, “This man does not cast out demons, except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.”

25 Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand.

26 If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand?

27 If I by Beelzebul cast out demons, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges.

28 But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come upon you.

29 Or how can one enter into the house of the strong man, and plunder his goods, unless he first bind the strong man? Then he will plunder his house.

30 “He who is not with me is against me, and he who doesn’t gather with me, scatters.

Jesus warns against the settled rejection that calls the Spirit’s testimony to Christ demonic.

31 Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men.

32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither in this age, nor in that which is to come.

Jesus teaches that words expose the heart and will be judged.

Matthew 12:33-37

33 “Either make the tree good, and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt, and its fruit corrupt; for the tree is known by its fruit.

34 You offspring of vipers, how can you, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks.

35 The good man out of his good treasure brings out good things, and the evil man out of his evil treasure brings out evil things.

36 I tell you that every idle word that men speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment.

37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”

Jesus denies sign-seeking unbelief and points to Jonah while declaring himself greater than Jonah and Solomon.

38 Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.”

39 But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, but no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet.

40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

41 The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, someone greater than Jonah is here.

42 The Queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, someone greater than Solomon is here.

Jesus warns that a generation may experience outward reform and still become worse if left spiritually empty.

Matthew 12:43-45

An empty house invites worse occupation, and an unrepentant generation that rejects Christ ends worse than it began.

43 When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places, seeking rest, and doesn’t find it.

44 Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came out,’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order.

45 Then he goes, and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.”

Jesus identifies his true family as those who do the will of his Father in heaven.

Matthew 12:46-50

The King identifies his true family as those who do the will of his Father in heaven.

46 While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, seeking to speak to him.

47 One said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you.”

48 But he answered him who spoke to him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?”

49 He stretched out his hand toward his disciples, and said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers!

50 For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother.”

Key Terms

σάββασιν sabbasin G4521
ἐπείνασαν epeinasan G3983
ἔξεστιν exestin G1832
ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως artous tēs protheseōs G740
ἱερεῖς hiereis G2409
ἱερῷ hierō G2411
μεῖζόν meizon G3173
ἔλεος eleos G1656
θυσίαν thysian G2378
ἀναιτίους anaitious G338
ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ho huios tou anthrōpou G5207
κύριός kyrios G2962

World English Bible (WEB): Public Domain Scripture text · License details