πικραίνω
To embitter (literally or figuratively)
Reading a lexicon entry
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Canonical witness: The witness passages show where this word is used in context. Click any to open the study page for that passage.
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What does πικραίνω (pikraínō) mean in the Bible?
πικραίνω (pikraínō) is a Greek word meaning "to embitter (literally or figuratively)". πικραίνω (πικρός), [in LXX for מָרַד, קָצַף, etc.
Full entry for πικραίνω (G4087) · Browse the biblical lexicon
Meaning
To embitter someone relationally; in NT, typically describes spoiling marital harmony through harsh treatment.
(πικρός), [in LXX for מָרַד, קָצַף, etc. ;] to make bitter: Rev.10:9; pass., Rev.8:11 10:10; metaphorically, to embitter (LXX) : pass., before πρός, Col.3:19.
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
Imperative command or strong request 1×
Indicative states a fact or reality 3×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 4 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Word Pictures (Robertson)
A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.
A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain