ἀνεῳγμένος (aneogmenos) in Romans 3:13: Verb Perfect Passive Participle Nominative Singular Masculine

Participle: this verbal adjective keeps the action of the verb while describing a noun in the clause.

Perfect: presents a completed action or state with continuing relevance where the context supports it.

Passive: presents the subject as receiving or being affected by the action.

Participle: carries a verbal idea while also functioning like an adjective or clause element. Context decides its role.

Nominative: the form is shaped to stand in a subject or predicate relation, so it agrees with the noun it describes here.

Singular: the form is singular in this occurrence, matching one grammatically singular referent in the phrase.

Masculine: the form belongs to the masculine grammatical class, which here is a matter of agreement and not a gendered claim.

It is attached to τάφος and the linked phrase λάρυγξ αὐτῶν.

Its nominative singular masculine form agrees with the noun phrase it modifies, and the nearby context presents it as describing the throat imagery in the verse.

It functions adjectivally, describing the state of the image as open and active in the speech metaphor.

It is not a separate finite verb, and it does not by itself assert a new event apart from the surrounding description.

Moderate: The perfect passive participle strengthens the open-tomb image that depicts corrupt speech in Romans 3.

Perfect passive participle modifying the tomb image. describes the image as open in a resulting state. Attached to the open grave phrase. Governed by the metaphorical noun phrase about the throat. The participle serves the metaphor; the accusation about speech comes from the quoted line as a whole.

What condition does the participle describe? It describes the grave image as open.

Direct: The form directly supports open or opened as the description of the grave image.

Passive voice describes the state without requiring the form itself to identify an agent. Perfect aspect contributes resulting-state force here, but the metaphor controls the interpretation.

Perfect tense always means permanent state: The perfect participle supports the open-state image in this verse; permanence must not be asserted from tense alone.

The witness reads ἀνεῳγμένος in Romans 3:13 within the phrase τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν.

The lemma ἀνοίγω means to open up, literally or figuratively, so the form can describe an open condition or state.

Because it is a participle in nominative singular masculine, it most naturally describes the nearby noun phrase rather than functioning alone as the main assertion.

In context, the grammar supports the picture of a throat characterized as open, reinforcing the verse's depiction of harmful speech.

This use fits the lexicon pattern where ἀνοίγω can describe literal opening and extended imagery, including bodily or figurative openness.

For readers, the form helps the line sound concrete and graphic, not abstract, by painting the condition of the throat as visibly open.

Do not derive a doctrinal claim from the participle form alone, and do not treat grammatical gender or voice as the main source of meaning.