Hebrew · H8199, G2919 · unreviewed

שָׁפַט

To judge , i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish ; by extenssion, to govern ; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively) · by implication, to try, condemn, punish

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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant

שָׁפַט H8199 to judge , i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish ; by extenssion, to govern ; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively)

Pronunciation shāphaṭ

To judge is to execute justice through pronouncement, vindication, punishment, and governance—God's covenantal prerogative.

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κρίνω G2919 by implication, to try, condemn, punish

Pronunciation krínō

Core judicial term encompassing mental assessment, decision-making, and God's final condemnation; ranges from opinion to verdict.

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What does שָׁפַט (shaphat) mean in the Bible?

שָׁפַט · κρίνω is a Hebrew word meaning "to judge or govern with justice".

Full entry for שָׁפַט (H8199, G2919) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to judge or govern with justice

Grammatical Forms

How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.

Qal basic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense 80×

Participle active 1Chr 17:6 · 1Chr 17:10 · 1Sam 3:13 · 1Sam 8:1 · 1Sam 8:2 · 2Chr 19:5 · 2Chr 26:21 · 2Kgs 15:5 · 2Sam 7:11 · 2Sam 15:4 · Amos 2:3 · Deut 16:18 · Ezek 34:17 · Isa 3:2 · Isa 16:5 · Isa 40:23 32×

Imperfect 1Kgs 7:7 · 2Chr 1:10 · Eccl 3:17 · Isa 11:3 · Job 21:22 · Job 22:13 · Judg 11:27 · Ps 9:9 · Ps 72:4 · Ps 82:1 · Ps 96:13 · Ps 98:9 · Exod 18:22 · Exod 18:26 · Ezek 23:45 · Gen 31:53 32×

Sequential imperfect Isa 1:17 · Isa 5:3 · Ps 82:3 · Zech 7:9 · Zech 8:16 · Prov 31:9 6×

Perfect 1Kgs 3:28 · 1Sam 4:18 · 1Sam 7:17 · Judg 16:31 · 2Kgs 23:22 · Jer 5:28 6×

Jussive 1Sam 24:13 · Gen 16:5 2×

Infinitive absolute Gen 19:9 1×

Infinitive construct Ruth 1:1 1×

Niphal passive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action 9×

Participle active Isa 59:4 · Isa 66:16 · Jer 2:35 · Jer 25:31 · Prov 29:9 5×

Imperfect Ezek 20:36 · Ps 9:20 2×

Perfect Ezek 20:36 1×

Cohortative Isa 43:26 1×

Hebrew Verb Forms

How this verb appears across 89 occurrences in the Hebrew OT (OSHB Leningrad Codex).

Aspect / Form

Participle 37 Imperfect 36 Perfect 7 Imperative 6 Infinitive absolute 1 Cohortative 1 Infinitive construct 1

Stem

Qal 80 Niphal 9

Mood

Indicative/jussive 27 Indicative 7 Indicative/cohortative 7 Imperative 6 Jussive 2

OT Occurrences

Aspect in Hebrew reflects grammatical form, not tense. "Perfect" (Perfective) typically denotes completed action; "Imperfect" (Imperfective) denotes incomplete or ongoing action. Stem modifies the action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive, etc.).

Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

1 Corinthians 4 — Stewards of Christ, Fools for Christ, and a Father’s Admonition 1 Corinthians 5 — Purge the Evil, Keep the Feast, and Guard the Holiness of the Church Acts 17 — The Gospel Reasoned from Scripture and Proclaimed to the Nations Acts 24 — Paul Before Felix: Resurrection Hope, Clear Conscience, and Coming Judgment John 16 — The Spirit’s Convicting Witness, the Disciples’ Sorrow Turned to Joy, and Christ’s Victory over the World John 3 — New Birth, Lifted-Up Son, and the Love of God for the World John 5 — The Son Who Gives Life, Judges, and Is Witnessed by the Father John 7 — The Feast, the Divided Crowd, and the Living Water of Jesus John 8 — The Light of the World, True Freedom, and the I AM Before Abraham Luke 6 — The Lord of the Sabbath Forms a Kingdom People Matthew 19 — Marriage from Creation, Children Received, Riches Renounced, and the Reward of Following Christ Matthew 7 — Kingdom Discernment, the Narrow Way, and the Wise Builder Romans 14 — Receiving One Another, Honoring the Lord, and Pursuing Peace in Matters of Conscience Romans 2 — God’s Righteous Judgment and the Exposure of Religious Presumption

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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