γέγραπται (gegraptai) in Romans 3:10: Verb Third Person Singular Perfect Passive Indicative

Verb: the form names an action or state, here in a completed-result style that presents the writing as standing on record.

Perfect: presents a completed action or state with continuing relevance where the context supports it.

Passive: presents the subject as receiving or being affected by the action.

Indicative: presents the verbal idea as an assertion or statement in the clause.

Third person: the form speaks about someone or something rather than directly as I/we or you.

Not applicable: this verb form is not using noun case to mark its sentence role.

Singular: the verb is marked for a singular subject, which fits the impersonal scriptural formula in this clause.

Not applicable: this verb form does not use grammatical gender to make its point.

The form stands in the clause after καθὼς and before ὅτι, introducing the quoted scriptural claim.

It is governed by the citation frame, where the perfect passive form functions as a settled assertion that something has been written and remains in force.

It serves as the formula of written authority, signaling that the following words are presented as Scripture already on record.

It does not report the moment of writing, and it does not by itself identify the human writer or the original writing event.

High: The perfect passive citation formula frames Paul's appeal to Scripture and affects how the following indictment is grounded.

Third-person singular perfect passive indicative. presents the following words as standing in the written scriptural witness. Attached to the citation introduced by 'as it is written'. Governed by Paul's appeal to the written Scripture. The passive form functions as a citation formula and should not be pressed to identify a human author in this line.

How does Paul ground the indictment that follows? He grounds it in what stands written in Scripture.

Direct: The form directly supports the citation formula "it is written."

The perfect form points to the standing written witness, but broader inspiration doctrine rests on wider biblical teaching. The passive does not identify the human writer in this verse. The singular form belongs to the citation formula, not to the number of cited lines that follow.

Perfect tense proves every doctrine of Scripture by itself: The perfect supports the standing force of the written citation, while doctrine of Scripture requires the wider biblical witness. passive voice identifies the human author: The passive citation formula does not name the human author in this clause.

The witness reads γέγραπται in Romans 3:10, within the familiar citation frame καθὼς ... ὅτι.

The lemma γράφω means to write, and in this setting it points to something already written and cited as authoritative.

The perfect passive form fits a citation formula that treats the quoted words as standing written, not as newly spoken advice.

Paul introduces the statement as a scriptural basis for the claim that no one is righteous, giving the sentence the force of received written testimony.

This usage matches other places where Scripture is introduced as what is written, reinforcing the Bible's role as a stable witness.

For readers and teachers, the form signals that the argument appeals to established text, so the focus should be on the content of the citation.

Do not infer from the verb form alone who physically wrote the words, exactly when they were written, or any claim beyond the citation's authoritative force.