γεγραμμένας (gegrammenas) in Revelation 22:18: Verb Perfect Passive Participle Accusative Plural Feminine

Verb: this participial form still comes from a verbal idea, so it presents the action or result of writing rather than naming a thing.

Perfect: presents a completed action or state with continuing relevance where the context supports it.

Passive: presents the subject as receiving or being affected by the action.

Participle: carries a verbal idea while also functioning like an adjective or clause element. Context decides its role.

Accusative: the participle is shaped to fit the accusative phrase and describe the direct object it qualifies in the clause.

Plural: the form agrees with the plural noun it modifies, so it refers to more than one item in the cited phrase.

Feminine: the form matches the feminine grammatical class of the noun it describes, and this does not by itself imply a gendered theological claim.

τὰς πληγὰς

The participle is governed by the noun phrase for the plagues and the article repeated before it, marking it as a descriptive modifier in the object phrase.

It identifies which plagues are in view, namely those described as written in this book, and so it narrows the warning to the specific written judgments.

It does not introduce a new action by itself or shift the focus away from the noun it modifies; it is not a separate clause.

High: The perfect passive participle identifies the plagues as the ones written in this book within a solemn warning.

Perfect passive participle modifying plagues. describes the plagues as already written or recorded in this book. Attached to the plagues written in this book phrase. Governed by the object phrase naming the plagues. The participle narrows which plagues are meant; the warning supplies the theological seriousness.

Which plagues does the warning mention? It mentions the plagues written in this book.

Direct: The form directly supports written in this book or that have been written in this book.

The perfect passive participle describes the plagues as written, but the warning context carries the authority claim. Passive voice marks the plagues as recorded without requiring the form itself to identify the writer. Feminine agreement follows plagues and does not add a gendered theological point.

Perfect tense always means permanent theological state: The perfect participle presents the plagues as written in context; permanence and authority must be argued from the warning as a whole.

The witness reads γεγραμμένας in the phrase τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ, so the form directly qualifies the plagues mentioned in the verse.

The lemma is γράφω, which in this context means to write or record, not to create a new semantic field for the word.

The perfect passive participle presents the plagues as already written and now standing as written contents of the book, fitting the warning about adding to the prophecy.

The verse warns that the plagues in view are the ones recorded in this book, so the form supports the sense of fixed written judgment rather than a fresh act of writing.

This fits the book's repeated concern with what is written and preserved as authoritative, so the form reinforces the stability of the prophetic text.

In communication, the form can be rendered smoothly as 'the plagues written in this book' or 'the plagues that have been written in this book.'

Do not derive that the form proves more than the text states, and do not let participial grammar override the warning and context of the verse.