ἔχουσα (echousa) in Matthew 1:18: Verb Present Active Participle Nominative Singular Feminine

Participle: the form is verbal in shape but functions like a descriptive word tied to a noun in the clause.

Present: often views the action as in progress, customary, or presently in view. Context decides the exact force.

Active: presents the subject as doing or carrying the action.

Participle: carries a verbal idea while also functioning like an adjective or clause element. Context decides its role.

Nominative: the form is marked to agree with the subject-linked reference in the sentence and to describe that person in context.

Singular: the form is singular here, so it points to one referent rather than a group.

Feminine: the form is feminine in grammatical agreement, which fits the woman in view and does not itself make a theological gender claim.

It is attached to the understood feminine subject in the clause, referring to Mary in the surrounding wording.

It is governed by the clause around 'εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ', where the participle adds a concise description of her condition.

It functions descriptively, indicating that she is found to be pregnant, or carrying, at the time described.

It does not by itself state agency, cause, or a separate main action, and it should not be read as changing the narrative focus.

High: The participle describes Mary's pregnancy in the infancy narrative while the surrounding phrase identifies the Holy Spirit as the source.

Present active participle describing Mary's condition. describes the condition discovered in the narrative. Attached to Mary as the feminine referent in Matthew 1:18. Governed by the clause reporting that she was found with child. The participle contributes the pregnancy description; agency and source come from the surrounding wording.

What condition does the participle describe? It describes Mary as being with child at the moment reported in the narrative.

Direct: The participle directly supports wording such as "being with child" or "pregnant."

The present participle describes the condition in view and should not be turned into a timing claim beyond the narrative. The feminine nominative form agrees with Mary and does not create an additional theological claim by itself.

Present participle proves duration by itself: The form views the condition as present in the scene; the narrative supplies the timing. participle states the source of the pregnancy: The participle describes the condition; the phrase about the Holy Spirit supplies the source claim.

The witness reads 'εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου', so the form stands inside a pregnancy idiom in the verse.

The lemma ἔχω commonly means to have or hold, and here the idiom 'ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα' expresses being pregnant.

The nominative feminine participle agrees with the woman implicitly in view and describes her condition after the discovery reported by the passive verb.

In this context, the form contributes to the statement that Mary was found pregnant, and that the pregnancy is said to be from the Holy Spirit.

This wording serves the infancy narrative by describing the extraordinary circumstances of Jesus' birth without adding details beyond the verse itself.

For communication, the form can be rendered naturally as 'being with child' or 'pregnant,' while preserving the verse's descriptive flow.

Do not derive a separate doctrine, extra agency, or a gender-based theological meaning from the feminine participle alone.