ἔχουσι (echousin) in Revelation 22:5: Verb Third Person Plural Present Active Indicative

Verb: the word names an action, state, or relation, here expressed as having or needing something in the sentence.

Present: often views the action as in progress, customary, or presently in view. Context decides the exact force.

Active: presents the subject as doing or carrying the action.

Indicative: presents the verbal idea as an assertion or statement in the clause.

Third person: the form speaks about someone or something rather than directly as I/we or you.

Not applicable: this verb form is not using noun case to mark its sentence role.

Plural: the form is grammatically plural here, so it presents the action with a plural subject in view.

Not applicable: this verb form does not use grammatical gender to make its point.

χρείαν ... λύχνου καὶ φωτὸς ἡλίου

The verb is governed by the negative statement about need in the clause, showing what the speakers or subjects do not have or require.

It states that they do not have need of lamp or sunlight, which supports the verse's picture of complete divine illumination.

It does not by itself identify who the subjects are, and it does not add a new object beyond the need phrase already present.

High: The negated verb states the absence of need for created light in the final vision.

Third-person plural present active indicative in a negated need clause. states that the subjects do not have need of those light sources. Attached to the need phrase for lamp and sunlight. Governed by the final-vision statement about divine illumination. The verb states lack of need; the following clause explains that the Lord God gives light.

What need is denied in the clause? The clause says they have no need of lamp or sunlight.

Direct: The present plural verb directly supports English wording such as "they have no need."

The present form does not supply the whole theology of the final state; the vision and divine-light clause explain it.

Present tense alone proves the full final-state doctrine: The present verb states the clause; the surrounding vision gives the theological meaning.

The witness reads ἔχουσι in Revelation 22:5 within the phrase καὶ χρείαν οὐκ ἔχουσι λύχνου καὶ φωτὸς ἡλίου.

The lemma ἔχω normally means to have, hold, or possess, and here it is used in the sense of having need or lacking need.

The present active indicative with a plural subject supports a straightforward present claim about their condition, but the surrounding negation and need phrase supply the force of the statement.

The clause says that in the coming order of God there is no need for lamp or sunlight, because God himself provides the light.

This fits the chapter's wider vision of restored life, where created light sources are no longer required because divine presence fully illuminates.

For communication, the form supports a clear, direct proclamation of sufficiency and dependence on God rather than on natural or manufactured light.

Do not derive extra details about the identity of the subjects, the permanence of every nuance of tense, or a theological claim from grammatical plurality alone.