Greek · G4059 · unreviewed

περιτέμνω

To circumcise

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περιτέμνω G4059
Pronunciation peritémnō

What does περιτέμνω (peritémnō) mean in the Bible?

περιτέμνω (peritémnō) is a Greek word meaning "to circumcise". περι-τέμνω [in LXX chiefly for מוּל ;] (Ion. Represents the contested requirement being added to the gospel. This term runs through the canonical themes of Covenant, Redemption.

Full entry for περιτέμνω (G4059) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to circumcise
Extended definition

Literal circumcision or metaphorically, spiritual circumcision of the heart in Christ.

(Ion., Epic. and late writers), to cut around (Hdt.), hence, to circumcise (π. τὰ αἰδοῖα, Hdt.) : Luk.1:59 2:21, Jhn.7:22, Act.7:8 15:5 16:3 21:21. Pass. and mid., to be circumcised, receive circumcision: Act.15:1, 1Co.7:18, Gal.2:3 5:2-3 6:12-13 Metaphorical (cf. Deu.10:16, Jer.4:4, al.), Col.2:11 (see Deiss., BS, 151 f.; MM, xix).

Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Represents the contested requirement being added to the gospel. Acts 15:1-5
Illustrates strategic accommodation distinct from salvation requirement. Acts 16:1-5
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Aorist Present Perfect
Voices
Active Passive
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract
Aorist Active Luke 1:59 · Luke 2:21
Present Active Acts 15:5 · Acts 21:21
Present Passive Gal 6:12 · Gal 6:13
Aorist Passive Gal 2:3
Indicative states a fact or reality
Aorist Active Acts 7:8 · Acts 16:3
Present Active John 7:22
Aorist Passive Col 2:11
Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose
Aorist Passive Acts 15:1
Present Passive Gal 5:2
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality
Present Passive Gal 5:3 · Gal 6:13
Perfect Passive 1 Cor 7:18
Imperative command or strong request
Present Passive 1 Cor 7:18
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 17 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
completed 3 ongoing 1 imperative 1 subjunctive 2 infinitive 7 participle 3
Tense
present 9 aorist 7 perfect 1
Voice
passive 10 active 7
Mood
infinitive 7 indicative 4 participle 3 subjunctive 2 imperative 1

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Canonical Themes
Biblical Occurrences
Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources