Paul's gospel to the Gentiles is acknowledged by the Jerusalem leaders. Titus is not compelled to be circumcised, and the pillars recognize Paul's mission as a work of divine grace.
Galatians 2:1-10
1 Then after a period of fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me.
2 I went up by revelation, and I laid before them the Good News which I preach among the Gentiles, but privately before those who were respected, for fear that I might be running, or had run, in vain.
3 But not even Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised.
Paul refuses to yield to those who would enslave believers by adding requirements to Christ, because the truth of the gospel must remain intact.
4 This was because of the false brothers secretly brought in, who stole in to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage,
5 to whom we gave no place in the way of subjection, not for an hour, that the truth of the Good News might continue with you.
6 But from those who were reputed to be important—whatever they were, it makes no difference to me; God doesn’t show partiality to man—they, I say, who were respected imparted nothing to me,
7 but to the contrary, when they saw that I had been entrusted with the Good News for the uncircumcised, even as Peter with the Good News for the circumcised—
8 for he who worked through Peter in the apostleship with the circumcised also worked through me with the Gentiles—
9 and when they perceived the grace that was given to me, James and Cephas and John, those who were reputed to be pillars, gave to Barnabas and me the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision.
10 They only asked us to remember the poor—which very thing I was also zealous to do.
Paul publicly confronts Peter because his withdrawal from Gentile fellowship contradicts the gospel's truth and threatens the unity of Jewish and Gentile believers.
Galatians 2:11-14
11 But when Peter came to Antioch, I resisted him to his face, because he stood condemned.
12 For before some people came from James, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision.
13 And the rest of the Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy.
14 But when I saw that they didn’t walk uprightly according to the truth of the Good News, I said to Peter before them all, “If you, being a Jew, live as the Gentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles to live as the Jews do?
Paul states that no one is justified by works of the law, but through faith in Jesus Christ.
Galatians 2:15-21
15 “We, being Jews by nature, and not Gentile sinners,
16 yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of the law, because no flesh will be justified by the works of the law.
Paul explains that believers do not find life by rebuilding the old order, but by dying to the law as a basis of righteousness and living to God.
17 But if while we sought to be justified in Christ, we ourselves also were found sinners, is Christ a servant of sin? Certainly not!
18 For if I build up again those things which I destroyed, I prove myself a law-breaker.
19 For I, through the law, died to the law, that I might live to God.
The believer's identity is redefined by union with Christ: the old self has been crucified, Christ lives in the believer, and the present life is lived by faith in the Son of God.
20 I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. That life which I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself up for me.
Paul concludes that if righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died for nothing. Grace and law-based righteousness cannot both be the ground of acceptance with God.
21 I don’t reject the grace of God. For if righteousness is through the law, then Christ died for nothing!”