Greek · G1343 · unreviewed

δικαιοσύνη

Equity (of character or act); specially (Christian) justification

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δικαιοσύνη G1343
Pronunciation dikaiosýnē

What does δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosýnē) mean in the Bible?

δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosýnē) is a Greek word meaning "equity (of character or act); specially (Christian) justification". δικαιοσύνη, -ης, ἡ (δίκαιος), [in LXX chiefly for צֶדֶק, and cognates, Gen. Though fully developed later, this concept anchors the gospel’s saving purpose in Romans. This term runs through the canonical themes of Faith, Holiness, Justice.

Full entry for δικαιοσύνη (G1343) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

equity (of character or act); specially (Christian) justification
Extended definition

Righteousness as God's character and covenant faithfulness, not merely human moral conformity to law

(δίκαιος), [in LXX chiefly for צֶדֶק, and cognates, Gen.15:6, al., rarely for חֶסֶד, Gen.19:19 ;] the character of ὁ δίκαιος (which see)

1in broad sense, righteousness, conformity to the Divine will in purpose, thought and action: Mat.5:6, Jhn.16:8, Act.13:10, Rom.4:3; λόγος δικαιοσύνης, teaching of r., Heb.5:13; βασιλεὺς δ. (cf. FlJ, BJ, vi, 10, β. δίκαιος), Heb.7:2; ὅπλα δ., Rom.6:13; ὁδὸς δ., Mat.21:32; θώραξ τῆς δ., Eph.6:14; διὰκονοι δ., 2Co.11:15; ὁσιότης καὶ δ., Luk.1:75, cf. Eph.4:24; ἀγαθωσύνῃ καὶ δ., Eph.5:9; δ. κ. εἰρήνη κ. χαρά, Rom.14:17; δ. κ. ἁγιασμός, 1Co.1:30; opposite to ἁμαρτία, Rom.8:10; ἀνομία, 2Co.6:14; άδικία, Rom.3:5; ποιεῖν τὴν δ., 1Jn.2:29 Jn 3:7; id. as an inclusive term for the active duties of the religious life (ICC, in l; Abbott, Essays, 73 ff), Mat.6:1; ἐργάζεσθαι δ., Act.10:35; διώκειν δ., 1Ti.6:11; πληροῦν πᾶσαν δ., Mat.3:15; ζῆν τῇ δ., 1Pe.2:24; δ. θεοῦ, a righteousness divine in its character and origin, Mat.6:33, Jas.1:20, (where it also includes the idea of God's personal r.; see ICC, on Rom.1:17) Rom.1:17 3:5, 21-26 10:3, 2Co.5:21, Php.3:9; ἡ δ. τ. πίσιεως, Rom.4:11; ἡ ἐκ π. δ., Rom.9:30; ἡ κατὰ π. δ., Heb.11:7; opposite to this is ἡ ἐκ νόμου δ., Rom.10:5; ἡ δ. ἐν ν., Php.3:6; ἡ ἰδία δ., Rom.10:3, cf. Php.3:9
2In narrower sense (cf. δίκαιος), justice: Act.17:31, 2Pe.1:1, Rev.19:11 (DCG, ii, 529 ff.; Cremer, 190, 690).
Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Though fully developed later, this concept anchors the gospel’s saving purpose in Romans. 1 John 2:28-29
This term anchors the book; it describes the saving righteousness revealed in Christ. 2 Timothy 4:6-8
It is the status credited to Abraham through faith. Acts 24:22-27
Central to Paul’s argument about how sinners are justified. Philippians 3:4–11
Distinguishes imputed righteousness from legal performance. Romans 1:1-7
Central theme in Paul’s reasoning before Felix. Romans 1:16-17
The crown reflects the righteous verdict and reward given by Christ the Judge. Romans 4:1-12
Ethical transformation is evidence of participation in God’s life.
Grammatical Forms

How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.

Nominative · Singular · Feminine Matt 5:20 · Rom 1:17 · Rom 3:21 · Rom 3:22 · Rom 10:6 · Rom 14:17 · 1 Cor 1:30 · 2 Cor 5:21 · 2 Cor 9:9 · Gal 2:21 · Gal 3:21 · 2 Pet 3:13 12×
Genitive · Singular · Feminine Matt 5:10 · Matt 21:32 · John 16:8 · John 16:10 · Acts 13:10 · Acts 24:25 · Rom 3:25 · Rom 3:26 · Rom 4:11 · Rom 4:13 · Rom 5:17 · Rom 5:21 · Rom 6:13 · Rom 9:31 · 2 Cor 3:9 · 2 Cor 6:7 29×
Dative · Singular · Feminine Luke 1:75 · Acts 17:31 · Rom 6:18 · Rom 6:19 · Rom 6:20 · Rom 10:3 · 2 Cor 6:14 · Eph 4:24 · Eph 5:9 · 2 Tim 3:16 · Titus 3:5 · 1 Pet 2:24 · 2 Pet 1:1 · Rev 19:11 14×
Accusative · Singular · Feminine Matt 3:15 · Matt 5:6 · Matt 6:1 · Matt 6:33 · Acts 10:35 · Rom 3:5 · Rom 4:3 · Rom 4:5 · Rom 4:6 · Rom 4:9 · Rom 4:11 · Rom 4:22 · Rom 6:16 · Rom 8:10 · Rom 9:30 · Rom 10:3 36×
Canonical Themes
Faith Holiness JusticeMessiah
Biblical Occurrences
Appears In
Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

Acts 13 — The Spirit Sends the Mission and the Word Turns to the Gentiles Acts 17 — The Gospel Reasoned from Scripture and Proclaimed to the Nations Acts 24 — Paul Before Felix: Resurrection Hope, Clear Conscience, and Coming Judgment Ephesians 6 — Household Faithfulness and Standing Firm in the Armor of God Galatians 2 — Justified by Faith: Gospel Unity, Apostolic Confrontation, and Life in Christ John 16 — The Spirit’s Convicting Witness, the Disciples’ Sorrow Turned to Joy, and Christ’s Victory over the World Matthew 21 — The King Enters Jerusalem, Judges Fruitless Religion, and Exposes Rejected-Son Leadership Matthew 3 — The Forerunner, the Kingdom, and the Beloved Son Matthew 5 — Kingdom Blessedness, Fulfilled Law, and Heart-Level Righteousness Matthew 6 — Hidden Righteousness, the Father’s Reward, and Seeking First the Kingdom Philippians 1 — Gospel Partnership and Joyful Witness in Christ Philippians 3 — Counting All Things Loss and Pressing On Toward Christ Romans 1 — The Gospel Reveals the Righteousness of God and the Wrath of God Romans 10 — Christ the End of the Law and the Righteousness Received by Faith Romans 14 — Receiving One Another, Honoring the Lord, and Pursuing Peace in Matters of Conscience Romans 3 — All Under Sin and the Righteousness of God Revealed Through Faith in Christ Romans 4 — Abraham Justified by Faith and the Promise Secured by Grace Romans 5 — Peace with God, Rejoicing in Grace, and Life Through the One Man Jesus Christ Romans 6 — Dead to Sin and Alive to God in Christ Jesus Romans 9 — God’s Faithfulness, Sovereign Mercy, and Israel’s Stumbling Over Christ

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources