Exodus 4

Signs, Reluctance, Covenant Blood, and Return to Egypt

The LORD answers Moses' objections with signs and provision, sends him back to Egypt with Aaron, confronts covenant disobedience in Moses' household, and brings Israel's elders to believe and worship.

World English Bible, Public Domain

Exodus 4:1-9

When Moses fears that the people will not believe, the LORD equips him with signs so Israel may know that the covenant God has appeared and is acting to redeem.

1 Moses answered, “But, behold, they will not believe me, nor listen to my voice; for they will say, ‘Yahweh has not appeared to you.’ ”

2 Yahweh said to him, “What is that in your hand?” He said, “A rod.”

3 He said, “Throw it on the ground.” He threw it on the ground, and it became a snake; and Moses ran away from it.

4 Yahweh said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand, and take it by the tail.” He stretched out his hand, and took hold of it, and it became a rod in his hand.

5 “This is so that they may believe that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”

6 Yahweh said furthermore to him, “Now put your hand inside your cloak.” He put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, as white as snow.

7 He said, “Put your hand inside your cloak again.” He put his hand inside his cloak again, and when he took it out of his cloak, behold, it had turned again as his other flesh.

8 “It will happen, if they will not believe you or listen to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.

9 It will happen, if they will not believe even these two signs or listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river, and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take out of the river will become blood on the dry land.”

Exodus 4:10-17

God does not call Moses because Moses is impressive; he sends Moses because the LORD himself will be with his mouth, teach him what to say, and supply Aaron as a mercy without surrendering the divine commission.

10 Moses said to Yahweh, “O Lord, I am not eloquent, neither before now, nor since you have spoken to your servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.”

11 Yahweh said to him, “Who made man’s mouth? Or who makes one mute, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Isn’t it I, Yahweh?

12 Now therefore go, and I will be with your mouth, and teach you what you shall speak.”

13 Moses said, “Oh, Lord, please send someone else.”

14 Yahweh’s anger burned against Moses, and he said, “What about Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well. Also, behold, he is coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.

15 You shall speak to him, and put the words in his mouth. I will be with your mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what you shall do.

16 He will be your spokesman to the people. It will happen that he will be to you a mouth, and you will be to him as God.

17 You shall take this rod in your hand, with which you shall do the signs.”

Exodus 4:18-23

God’s deliverance mission advances by his command, his signs, his sovereign rule over Pharaoh’s resistance, and his covenant claim over Israel as his firstborn son.

18 Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, “Please let me go and return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive.” Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”

19 Yahweh said to Moses in Midian, “Go, return into Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead.”

20 Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God’s rod in his hand.

21 Yahweh said to Moses, “When you go back into Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your hand, but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people go.

22 You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Yahweh says, Israel is my son, my firstborn,

23 and I have said to you, “Let my son go, that he may serve me;” and you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your firstborn son.’ ”

Exodus 4:24-26

God’s servant cannot carry God’s covenant mission while disregarding God’s covenant sign.

24 On the way at a lodging place, Yahweh met Moses and wanted to kill him.

25 Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me.”

26 So he let him alone. Then she said, “You are a bridegroom of blood,” because of the circumcision.

Exodus 4:27-31

When God's word of deliverance is faithfully delivered and confirmed, the proper response of God's people is believing reception and humble worship before the God who sees their misery.

27 Yahweh said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” He went, and met him on God’s mountain, and kissed him.

28 Moses told Aaron all Yahweh’s words with which he had sent him, and all the signs with which he had instructed him.

29 Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel.

30 Aaron spoke all the words which Yahweh had spoken to Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people.

31 The people believed, and when they heard that Yahweh had visited the children of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.

Key Terms

מַטֶּה matteh H4294
נָחָשׁ nachash H5175
מְצֹרַעַת metsora'at H6879
יְאֹר ye'or H2975
דָּם dam H1818
פֶּה peh H6310
וַיִּחַר־אַף vayyichar af H2734
אָח ach H251
אֱלֹהִים elohim H430
בְּכֹר bekhor H1060

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