Greek · G1097, G1492 · unreviewed

γινώσκω / οἶδα

To know · to perceive: see

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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant

γινώσκω G1097 to know

Pronunciation ginṓskō

Know through experience and observation, distinct from οἶδα which is reflective knowing based on intuition or information

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εἴδω G1492 to perceive: see

Pronunciation eídō

Knowledge gained through direct perception or experience, distinct from intellectual understanding.

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What does γινώσκω / οἶδα (ginōskō / oida) mean in the Bible?

γινώσκω · εἴδω is a Greek word meaning "Know; relational knowledge between shepherd and sheep, patterned after Father and Son.". Know; relational knowledge between shepherd and sheep, patterned after Father and Son.

Full entry for γινώσκω / οἶδα (G1097, G1492) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

Know; relational knowledge between shepherd and sheep, patterned after Father and Son.

Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses

Aorist Present Perfect Future Imperfect Pluperfect

Voices

Active Middle Passive

Indicative states a fact or reality 140×

Present Active Matt 16:3 · Matt 24:32 · Matt 24:33 · Mark 13:28 · Luke 21:30 · John 8:43 · John 13:12 · John 14:7 · John 14:17 · John 15:18 · Acts 20:34 · 2 Cor 8:9 · Phil 2:22 · Heb 13:23 · 1 John 2:29 · 1 John 4:2 52×

Aorist Active Matt 21:45 · Matt 24:39 · Mark 12:12 · Luke 2:43 · Luke 20:19 · John 7:26 · John 8:27 · John 10:6 · John 12:16 · John 16:3 · John 17:8 · John 17:25 · Acts 17:13 · Rom 3:17 · 1 Cor 2:8 · Heb 3:10 42×

Perfect Active John 6:69 · John 8:52 · 2 Cor 5:16 · 1 John 2:3 · 1 John 3:16 · 1 John 4:16 · John 8:55 · 1 John 2:13 · 1 John 2:14 · 1 Cor 2:8 · 1 Cor 2:11 · 1 John 3:6 · John 5:42 · 1 John 2:4 · John 14:9 · John 17:7 17×

Future Middle Mark 4:13 · John 8:28 · John 8:32 · John 14:20 · 2 Cor 13:6 · John 13:35 · Acts 21:24 · Rev 2:23 · Luke 1:18 · 1 Cor 4:19 · John 7:17 · John 13:7 · 1 John 3:19 13×

Imperfect Active Matt 1:25 · Mark 15:10 · Luke 7:39 · John 2:25 · Luke 18:34 5×

Future Passive Matt 10:26 · Luke 12:2 · 1 Cor 14:7 · 1 Cor 14:9 4×

Pluperfect Active Matt 12:7 · John 14:7 2×

Present Passive Matt 12:33 · Luke 6:44 2×

Aorist Passive Luke 24:35 · Acts 9:24 2×

Perfect Passive 1 Cor 8:3 1×

Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract 18×

Aorist Active Matt 13:11 · Mark 7:24 · Luke 8:10 · Acts 1:7 · Acts 17:19 · Acts 17:20 · Acts 21:34 · Acts 22:14 · Acts 22:30 · 1 Cor 2:14 · 1 Cor 8:2 · Eph 3:19 · Phil 3:10 · 1 Thess 3:5 · Jas 2:20 15×

Present Active John 2:24 · Phil 1:12 2×

Perfect Active 1 Cor 8:2 1×

Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 30×

Aorist Active Matt 12:15 · Matt 16:8 · Matt 22:18 · Matt 26:10 · Mark 8:17 · Mark 15:45 · Luke 12:47 · Luke 12:48 · John 5:6 · John 6:15 · Acts 23:6 · Phil 2:19 · Mark 6:38 · Luke 9:11 · Rom 1:21 · Gal 2:9 18×

Present Active Rom 6:6 · Eph 5:5 · Heb 10:34 · Jas 1:3 · 2 Pet 1:20 · 2 Pet 3:3 · John 7:49 · 1 John 4:6 · Rom 7:1 9×

Present Passive 2 Cor 3:2 1×

Aorist Passive Gal 4:9 1×

Perfect Active 2 John 1:1 1×

Imperative command or strong request 14×

Present Active Matt 24:43 · Mark 13:29 · Luke 10:11 · Luke 12:39 · Luke 21:31 · Gal 3:7 · Matt 9:30 · Acts 2:36 · Jas 5:20 · 2 Tim 3:1 10×

Aorist Active Matt 6:3 · Luke 21:20 · Heb 8:11 3×

Aorist Passive Phil 4:5 1×

Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose 19×

Aorist Active Mark 5:43 · Mark 9:30 · Luke 19:15 · John 7:51 · John 11:57 · John 14:31 · John 10:38 · John 19:4 · 2 Cor 2:4 · Eph 6:22 · Col 4:8 · 2 Cor 2:9 · Rev 3:3 · Rev 3:9 14×

Present Active John 10:38 · John 17:3 · John 17:23 · 1 John 5:20 4×

Aorist Passive Luke 8:17 1×

Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 291 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect

prospective 1 resultant 240 subjunctive 10 infinitive 11 participle 29

Tense

perfect 256 pluperfect 34 future 1

Voice

active 291

Mood

indicative 241 participle 29 infinitive 11 subjunctive 10

NT Occurrences

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

Acts 19 — The Word of the Lord Grows Mightily in Ephesus Acts 8 — The Scattered Church Carries Christ Beyond Jerusalem John 10 — The Good Shepherd, the Door, and the Son One with the Father John 14 — The Way, the Truth, and the Life, the Father Revealed in the Son, and the Promise of the Spirit John 15 — The True Vine, Abiding Fruitfulness, Christlike Love, and the World’s Hatred John 16 — The Spirit’s Convicting Witness, the Disciples’ Sorrow Turned to Joy, and Christ’s Victory over the World John 17 — The Son’s High Priestly Prayer: Glory, Preservation, Sanctification, Unity, Mission, and Love John 18 — The Arrested King: Betrayal, Sovereign Surrender, Denial, Trial, and the Kingdom Not of This World John 19 — The Crucified King: Behold the Man, Behold Your King, It Is Finished, and the Pierced Son John 2 — The First Sign, the True Temple, and the Glory of Jesus Revealed John 21 — The Risen Lord Restores, Commissions, Shepherds, and Testifies through His Witness John 7 — The Feast, the Divided Crowd, and the Living Water of Jesus Luke 23 — The Innocent King Condemned, Crucified with Transgressors, and Buried in Hope Matthew 12 — The Lord of the Sabbath, the Servant of the Lord, and the Crisis of Unbelief Matthew 25 — Readiness, Stewardship, and the Final Judgment of the Son of Man Matthew 6 — Hidden Righteousness, the Father’s Reward, and Seeking First the Kingdom Matthew 7 — Kingdom Discernment, the Narrow Way, and the Wise Builder Matthew 9 — Authority to Forgive, Mercy for Sinners, and Compassion for the Harvest Philippians 3 — Counting All Things Loss and Pressing On Toward Christ

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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