μοι, (moi) in Revelation 22:9: P-1DS
μοι, (moi) in Revelation 22:9
Textual Witness
In the provided textus receptus witness, the surface form is moi in Revelation 22:9, with the verse explicitly framed as direct speech.
How The Form Affects Interpretation
The form makes the speech relational and direct, so the verse reads as a personal injunction rather than a general statement.
How To Communicate It
In translation or teaching, render the pronoun as the person being addressed, preserving the directness of the warning and command.
What Not To Say
- Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
- The pronoun's case identifies its discourse role, but it does not determine the whole interpretation by itself.
- Do not turn grammatical gender in this form into a theological gender claim.
What Does The Label Mean?
Pronoun: the word points to a speaker or referent already identified in discourse, here in a speaker-to-addressee setting.
Dative: the form commonly marks an indirect object, recipient, or other relational use, which fits the verb of speaking here.
Singular: the form is grammatically singular in this occurrence and refers to one addressed person.
Common grammatical gender in this form is not the point of the pronoun, so no theological gender claim should be drawn from it.
What The Form Does In This Verse
λέγει
The pronoun is governed by the speaking verb and functions as the person spoken to, not as the main verbal subject.
It marks the addressee of the angel's speech, giving the command and warning a direct personal target.
It does not name the speaker, and it does not by itself add emphasis beyond identifying who is being addressed.
How Much The Form Matters Here
Moderate: The dative pronoun identifies John as the direct addressee of the angel's correction.
First-person singular dative addressee. marks John as the one to whom the warning is spoken. Attached to the verb of speaking. Governed by the angel's speech report. The form identifies the addressee; the content of the warning comes from the following speech.
To whom does the angel speak the correction? The angel speaks it to John.
Direct: The dative pronoun directly supports English wording such as 'he said to me.'
The pronoun identifies the addressee, not the speaker or the content of the command.
Dative form always marks possession: With a speech verb, the dative commonly marks the person addressed.
How The Interpretation Is Derived
In the provided textus receptus witness, the surface form is moi in Revelation 22:9, with the verse explicitly framed as direct speech.
The lemma is ἐγώ, a personal pronoun whose forms can mark person and relationship in context, including enclitic dative use.
Here the dative singular fits naturally after λέγει and before the imperative, showing the hearer of the command rather than a new topic.
The clause says that the speaker is addressing one person and telling that person to stop, to remember the speaker's status, and to worship God.
This use aligns with common New Testament pronoun usage in direct discourse, where a dative form can signal the person addressed without special emphasis.
For readers and hearers, the form helps make the warning immediate and personal, keeping the focus on the commanded response.
Do not infer extra theology, hidden emphasis, or a change of lemma from the case ending alone.