What does λυπέω · σφόδρα mean in the Bible?
λυπέω · σφόδρα is a Greek phrase meaning "to be sorrowful or distressed exceedingly".
Greek · G3076, G4970
ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα
To distress; reflexively or passively, to be sad · very
Reading a lexicon entry
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
λυπέωG3076to distress; reflexively or passively, to be sad
Pronunciationlypéō
Grief that impacts oneself or others; distinguished from joy as opposing emotional state in NT usage.
Open lexicon entry →σφόδραG4970very
Pronunciationsphódra
Intensifies with force or violence; conveys extreme degree beyond mere "very
Open lexicon entry →What does ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα (elypēthēsan sphodra) mean in the Bible?
λυπέω · σφόδρα is a Greek phrase meaning "to be sorrowful or distressed exceedingly".
Full entry for ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα (G3076, G4970) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for G3076, G4970?
G3076, G4970 is connected to 26 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Greek phrase. to be sorrowful or distressed exceedingly
Source Gloss
to be sorrowful or distressed exceedingly
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups5Aligned forms26TensesPresent, Aorist, Perfect, FutureVoicesPassive, Active
Tenses
Voices
Participleverbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality7×
Present PassiveMatt 19:22 · Mark 10:22 · 2 Cor 2:2 · Matt 26:22 · 2 Cor 6:105×
Aorist PassiveMatt 14:9 · 1 Pet 1:62×
Indicativestates a fact or reality13×
Aorist Passive2 Cor 7:9 · Matt 17:23 · Matt 18:31 · John 21:176×
Perfect Active2 Cor 2:52×
Aorist Active2 Cor 7:82×
Future PassiveJohn 16:201×
Present PassiveRom 14:151×
Present Active2 Cor 2:21×
Infinitiveverbal noun — the action in abstract3×
Present PassiveMatt 26:37 · Mark 14:192×
Aorist Passive2 Cor 7:111×
Subjunctivepossibility, probability, or purpose2×
Aorist Passive2 Cor 2:41×
Present Passive1 Thess 4:131×
Imperativecommand or strong request1×
Present ActiveEph 4:301×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 26 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
aorist12present11perfect2future1
Voice
passive20active6
Mood
indicative13participle7infinitive3subjunctive2imperative1
NT Occurrences
Matthew 14:9λυπηθεὶςaorist passive participleparticipleMatthew 17:23ἐλυπήθησανaorist passive indicativecompletedMatthew 18:31ἐλυπήθησανaorist passive indicativecompletedMatthew 19:22λυπούμενοςpresent passive participleparticipleMatthew 26:22λυπούμενοιpresent passive participleparticipleMatthew 26:37λυπεῖσθαιpresent passive infinitiveinfinitiveMark 10:22λυπούμενοςpresent passive participleparticipleMark 14:19λυπεῖσθαιpresent passive infinitiveinfinitiveJohn 16:20λυπηθήσεσθεfuture passive indicativeprospectiveJohn 21:17ἐλυπήθηaorist passive indicativecompletedRomans 14:15λυπεῖταιpresent passive indicativeongoing2 Corinthians 2:2λυπῶpresent active indicativeongoing2 Corinthians 2:2λυπούμενοςpresent passive participleparticiple2 Corinthians 2:4λυπηθῆτεaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctive2 Corinthians 2:5λελύπηκενperfect active indicativeresultant2 Corinthians 2:5λελύπηκενperfect active indicativeresultant2 Corinthians 6:10λυπούμενοιpresent passive participleparticiple2 Corinthians 7:11λυπηθῆναιaorist passive infinitiveinfinitive2 Corinthians 7:8ἐλύπησαaorist active indicativecompleted2 Corinthians 7:8ἐλύπησενaorist active indicativecompleted2 Corinthians 7:9ἐλυπήθητεaorist passive indicativecompleted2 Corinthians 7:9ἐλυπήθητεaorist passive indicativecompleted2 Corinthians 7:9ἐλυπήθητεaorist passive indicativecompletedEphesians 4:30λυπεῖτεpresent active imperativeimperative1 Thessalonians 4:13λυπῆσθεpresent passive subjunctivesubjunctive1 Peter 1:6λυπηθέντεςaorist passive participleparticiple
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Word Origins
ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα is built from this root: