Greek Form Guide

ἀδικησάτω (adikesato) in Revelation 22:11: Verb Third Person Singular Aorist Active Imperative

ἀδικησάτω (adikesato) in Revelation 22:11

Textual Witness

ἀδικησάτω adikesato Verb Third Person Singular Aorist Active Imperative

The TR/Scrivener text reads ἀδικησάτω in Revelation 22:11, with the surrounding clause ὁ ἀδικῶν ἀδικησάτω ἔτι.

How The Form Affects Interpretation

The form sharpens the verse's severe and final-sounding tone, helping the reader hear the line as a deliberate, compact statement rather than a descriptive comment.

How To Communicate It

In communication, it urges attention to the text's command-like cadence and to the repeated, balanced structure of the whole verse.

What Not To Say

  • Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
  • A singular imperative does not by itself settle tone, audience size, or theological intent.
  • Do not turn grammatical features into claims that the verse does not explicitly make.

What Does The Label Mean?

Part of Speech

Verb: the form names an action or state, and here it presents that action in imperative force.

Tense / Aspect

Aorist: commonly views the action as a whole event. It should not be treated as automatically punctiliar or automatically past in every context.

Voice

Active: presents the subject as doing or carrying the action.

Mood

Imperative: presents the verbal idea as a command, appeal, or summons to action.

Person

Third person: the form speaks about someone or something rather than directly as I/we or you.

Case

Not applicable: this verb form is not using noun case to mark its sentence role.

Number

Singular: the form is singular and addresses one grammatical subject, even if the saying is general in scope.

Gender

Not applicable: this verb form does not use grammatical gender to make its point.

What The Form Does In This Verse

Attached To

It stands after ὁ ἀδικῶν and before ἔτι in the first clause of the verse.

Governed By

The form is coordinated with the other parallel imperatives in the verse and is shaped by the repeated pattern of command plus ἔτι.

Role In The Phrase

It issues the command that the one who is wronging should continue in that course, using the clause's stark rhetorical force.

What It Is Not Doing

It does not name a new subject, and it does not by itself explain the moral approval of the action.

How Much The Form Matters Here

Interpretive Weight

High: The third person imperative opens the solemn parallel sequence that exposes fixed moral trajectories at the close of Revelation.

Syntax Profile

Aorist active imperative, third person singular. commands the wrongdoer to continue in the stated course within the verse's judicial rhetoric. Attached to the one doing wrong clause. Governed by the repeated imperative pattern in Revelation 22:11. The command participates in a solemn declaration; it should not be read as moral approval of wrongdoing.

Reader Question

How does this command function in the verse's warning sequence? It begins the pattern that lets the wrongdoer, filthy, righteous, and holy be named according to their revealed direction.

Translation Effect

Direct: The imperative directly supports let the wrongdoer still do wrong or a similar rendering.

Where Caution Is Needed

Aorist imperative should not be read as past time. Third person imperative can sound permissive in English, but the verse's force is solemn and judicial. The word still and the parallel clauses shape the ongoing-condition sense more than the aorist form alone.

Fallacies To Avoid

Imperative means approval: The command form belongs to a judicial warning and does not approve the evil it names. aorist imperative proves one-time action: The aorist imperative should be read with the verse's parallel structure and still language.

How The Interpretation Is Derived

Textual Witness

The TR/Scrivener text reads ἀδικησάτω in Revelation 22:11, with the surrounding clause ὁ ἀδικῶν ἀδικησάτω ἔτι.

Lexical Identity

The lemma ἀδικέω can mean to act unjustly, wrong, or harm, so the form carries that lexical sense into the command.

Grammar In Context

The imperative does not create the meaning on its own; in this sentence it presses the existing description of the person into a brief exhortation or judgment-like declaration.

Passage Meaning

Within the verse's repeated parallelism, the form contributes to the fixed and solemn contrast between the unjust, the filthy, the righteous, and the holy.

Canonical Fit

Its usage fits the broader biblical pattern in which imperative forms can function as solemn commands, permissions, or judicial declarations, depending on context.

Communication Use

For readers and translators, the form signals a direct, pointed utterance and should be rendered in a way that reflects the verse's rhetorical intensity.

Do Not Derive

Do not derive moral endorsement, final destiny, or the full theology of judgment from the morphology alone.