πᾶς (pas) in Revelation 22:15: Adjective Nominative Singular Masculine
πᾶς (pas) in Revelation 22:15
Textual Witness
The Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus reads πᾶς before ὁ φιλῶν καὶ ποιῶν ψεῦδος in Revelation 22:15.
How The Form Affects Interpretation
The form helps the verse sound comprehensive: it marks the last group as any person who loves and practices falsehood, not just a single example.
How To Communicate It
In translation and teaching, this supports rendering the clause with broad force such as every one who loves and does a lie, while keeping the list-like context intact.
What Not To Say
- Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
- Masculine grammar here is a concord feature, not a theological gender statement.
- The form broadens the clause, but the surrounding list and the verse context determine the final sense.
What Does The Label Mean?
Adjective: the word describes or qualifies a noun, here functioning with a generalizing sense in the clause.
Nominative: the form is in the nominative case and here helps mark the subject-like frame of the final group in the verse.
Singular: the form is grammatically singular, presenting the idea as one general member of the class rather than a plural set.
Masculine: the form is masculine in grammar, which agrees with the nearby masculine singular article and participles without making a theological gender claim.
What The Form Does In This Verse
ὁ φιλῶν καὶ ποιῶν ψεῦδος
The adjective is shaped by the article and participles that follow, forming a general category of person in the final clause.
It broadens the last item list to mean any person who loves and practices falsehood, not merely a narrow named group.
It does not by itself identify a special class beyond the context, and it does not change the noun or verb meanings.
How Much The Form Matters Here
High: The adjective broadens the final excluded category to anyone characterized by loving and practicing falsehood.
Substantive adjective heading a general category. marks the category as any such person rather than a named individual. Attached to the article and participles about loving and practicing falsehood. Governed by the final listed-group construction. The form broadens the category, while the moral description comes from the participles and verse context.
How broad is the final category in the outside list? It is framed as any person characterized by loving and practicing falsehood.
Direct: The form directly supports a rendering such as "everyone who" or "whoever."
The singular masculine form functions generically here and should not be narrowed to one male individual apart from context.
Masculine singular limits the warning to males only: The form is grammatical and generic in this construction; the category is defined by the participles.
How The Interpretation Is Derived
The Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus reads πᾶς before ὁ φιλῶν καὶ ποιῶν ψεῦδος in Revelation 22:15.
The lemma πᾶς commonly means all, every, or the whole, so the form carries a broad inclusive sense rather than a narrowed technical one.
In this verse the form sits with the article and participles to identify a general person-type among those outside the city, in parallel with the preceding plural groups.
The clause portrays exclusion from the holy city as reaching to any person characterized by loving and doing lies, alongside the other listed offenders.
The wording fits the verse's closing contrast between those outside and the city described in the surrounding context, where behavior marks exclusion.
For readers, the grammar communicates breadth and moral description, warning that the final category is not limited to one named subgroup.
Do not derive a separate doctrine from masculine grammar, and do not make the adjective override the force of the whole clause.