αὐτῷ, (auto) in Revelation 22:3: Dative Singular Masculine
αὐτῷ, (auto) in Revelation 22:3
Textual Witness
The witness reads αὐτῷ in Revelation 22:3, within the clause οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ.
How The Form Affects Interpretation
The grammar narrows the listener's attention to the one receiving the worship, while the surrounding context determines the referent.
How To Communicate It
In translation and teaching, this form should be rendered as a context-bound reference like him or to him, with the referent supplied by the verse.
What Not To Say
- Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
- Masculine gender here is a matching feature of the pronoun, not a theological gender claim.
- The dative case indicates relation in the clause, but the immediate context supplies the referent and the force.
What Does The Label Mean?
Pronoun: the form points back to a previously named referent rather than naming it anew.
Dative: the form usually marks the one who is indirectly related to the action, such as the recipient or object of reference.
Singular: the form is grammatically singular in this occurrence and points to one referent in context.
Masculine: the grammatical class is masculine here, but that feature only helps match the referent in context and does not by itself make a theological claim.
What The Form Does In This Verse
λατρεύσουσιν
The dative form most naturally belongs with the verb of service or worship and identifies the one toward whom that service is directed.
It functions as the indirect object, naming the recipient of the servants' worship in the scene.
It is not naming a new subject, and the case alone should not be pressed into a fuller theological point.
How Much The Form Matters Here
High: The dative pronoun identifies the recipient of worshipful service in a throne scene where referent clarity matters.
Dative pronoun marking recipient of service or worship. identifies the one to whom the servants render service. Attached to the servants will serve him clause. Governed by the future verb of worshipful service. The dative marks the recipient; the surrounding throne context supplies the referent and theological weight.
To whom do the servants render service? The pronoun points to the one already in view in the throne scene.
Direct: The form directly supports him or to him after the verb of service.
The dative identifies the recipient of the action, while the immediate context determines the referent. Do not make masculine grammatical form do more work than the throne scene itself does.
Dative case alone settles the full theology of worship: The case marks recipient relation; theological conclusions must be drawn from the whole clause and context.
How The Interpretation Is Derived
The witness reads αὐτῷ in Revelation 22:3, within the clause οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ.
The lemma αὐτός is a flexible pronoun that can mean he, she, it, or they, and here the form is used to refer back to the contextually identified one.
Its dative singular masculine form fits the grammar of a recipient or target of the action, so the clause presents worship directed to the previously named referent.
The verse says that God's servants will worship the one in view, and this pronoun helps keep that reference attached to the clause rather than introducing a new figure.
Within the passage, the referent belongs to the throne scene already named, so the pronoun supports continuity with God and the Lamb as the focal reality of the verse.
For readers, the form clarifies who receives the action and prevents the sentence from sounding open-ended or ambiguous.
Do not derive from the masculine dative form any claim that the referent's nature changes, or that the form alone settles more than the immediate syntactic relation.