ἀκούοντι (akouonti) in Revelation 22:18: Verb Present Active Participle Dative Singular Masculine

Noun: this lemma normally names hearing or the act of listening, but here the tagged form is a present participle used verbally.

Present: often views the action as in progress, customary, or presently in view. Context decides the exact force.

Active: presents the subject as doing or carrying the action.

Participle: carries a verbal idea while also functioning like an adjective or clause element. Context decides its role.

Dative: the form is in a dative slot and here most naturally fits the person or group addressed by the witness statement.

Singular: the form is grammatically singular in this occurrence, though the context can still point to a class of hearers.

Masculine: the grammatical class is masculine in this form, but that feature only reflects agreement and does not by itself make a theological gender claim.

παντὶ

The participle works with παντὶ to describe every one who is hearing the words of this prophecy. The phrase is framed by Συμμαρτυροῦμαι and the warning that follows.

It functions as a dative participial modifier, identifying the recipients of the witness as those who are hearing the book's prophetic words.

It does not by itself mark a new subject or introduce a separate action unrelated to the warning context.

High: The dative participle identifies every hearer addressed by the warning about the words of the prophecy.

Present active participle modifying every hearer. identifies the hearer who receives the solemn warning. Attached to the every one hearing phrase. Governed by the witness statement and warning that follows. The participle names the addressed recipient; the warning itself carries the theological force.

Who receives the warning in this verse? Everyone hearing the words of the prophecy receives the warning.

Direct: The form directly supports every one hearing or everyone who hears.

The present participle describes the hearer in the act of receiving the words, but should not be reduced to a tense slogan. The dative construction identifies the addressed person rather than creating a separate subject.

Present participle always proves continuous action: The participle characterizes the hearer in this warning context; the verse decides the force.

The TR text reads παντὶ ἀκούοντι within the witness statement of Revelation 22:18.

The lemma is ἀκούω, which in this context means to hear or listen, especially in the sense of receiving words attentively.

The present participle portrays the hearer as someone in the act of hearing, and the dative singular with παντὶ points to each hearer as the recipient of the witness.

The verse is addressing anyone who is hearing the words of this prophecy, so the warning about adding to the book is aimed at present recipients of the message.

This fits the wider biblical pattern in which hearing carries the sense of attentive reception and accountable response, especially in prophetic and revelatory settings.

In communication terms, the form helps the verse speak directly to the audience now receiving the text, not only to a distant reader or abstract listener.

Do not infer that the participle itself proves a specific class, office, or theological status for the hearer beyond the immediate address.