What does κάθημαι · ἔξω mean in the Bible?
κάθημαι · ἔξω is a Greek phrase meaning "sitting outside, positioned away from the inner trial".
Greek · G2521, G1854
ἐκάθητο ἔξω
And (to sit; akin to the base of ); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside · out(-side, of doors), literally or figuratively
Reading a lexicon entry
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
κάθημαιG2521and (to sit; akin to the base of ); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
Pronunciationkáthēmai
Posture of settled position or authority; metaphorically denotes abiding presence or established residence.
Open lexicon entry →ἔξωG1854out(-side, of doors), literally or figuratively
Pronunciationéxō
Means outside the Church or community; used theologically for those excluded from Christian fellowship.
Open lexicon entry →What does ἐκάθητο ἔξω (ekathēto exō) mean in the Bible?
κάθημαι · ἔξω is a Greek phrase meaning "sitting outside, positioned away from the inner trial".
Full entry for ἐκάθητο ἔξω (G2521, G1854) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for G2521, G1854?
G2521, G1854 is connected to 91 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Greek phrase. sitting outside, positioned away from the inner trial
Source Gloss
sitting outside, positioned away from the inner trial
Grammatical Forms
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups4Aligned forms91TensesPresent, Imperfect, FutureVoicesMiddle
Tenses
Voices
Participleverbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality65×
Present MiddleMatt 4:16 · Luke 22:69 · John 9:8 · John 12:15 · Acts 3:10 · Acts 8:28 · Col 3:1 · Rev 4:2 · Rev 4:3 · Rev 6:2 · Rev 6:5 · Rev 6:8 · Rev 7:15 · Rev 14:16 · Rev 19:11 · Rev 21:565×
Indicativestates a fact or reality17×
Imperfect MiddleMatt 13:1 · Matt 15:29 · Matt 26:58 · Matt 26:69 · Matt 28:2 · Mark 3:32 · Mark 10:46 · Luke 18:35 · Luke 22:55 · John 6:3 · Acts 14:811×
Present MiddleRev 17:9 · Rev 17:15 · Acts 23:3 · Rev 18:74×
Future MiddleMatt 19:28 · Luke 22:302×
Imperativecommand or strong request7×
Present MiddleMatt 22:44 · Mark 12:36 · Luke 20:42 · Acts 2:34 · Heb 1:13 · Jas 2:37×
Infinitiveverbal noun — the action in abstract2×
Present MiddleMatt 13:2 · Mark 4:12×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 86 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
present73imperfect11future2
Voice
middle86
Mood
participle60indicative17imperative7infinitive2
NT Occurrences
Matthew 4:16καθήμενοςpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 4:16καθημένοιςpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 9:9καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 11:16καθημένοιςpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 13:1ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMatthew 13:2καθῆσθαιpresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveMatthew 15:29ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMatthew 19:28καθήσεσθεfuture middle indicativeprospectiveMatthew 20:30καθήμενοιpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 22:44Κάθουpresent middle imperativeimperativeMatthew 23:22καθημένῳpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 24:3Καθημένουpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 26:58ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMatthew 26:64καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 26:69ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMatthew 27:19Καθημένουpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 27:36καθήμενοιpresent middle participleparticipleMatthew 28:2ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMark 2:14καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleMark 2:6καθήμενοιpresent middle participleparticipleMark 3:32ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMark 3:34καθημένουςpresent middle participleparticipleMark 4:1καθῆσθαιpresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveMark 5:15καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleMark 10:46ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundMark 12:36Κάθουpresent middle imperativeimperativeMark 13:3καθημένουpresent middle participleparticipleMark 14:62καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleMark 16:5καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 1:79καθημένοιςpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 5:27καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 7:32καθημένοιςpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 8:35καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 10:13καθήμενοιpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 18:35ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundLuke 20:42Κάθουpresent middle imperativeimperativeLuke 21:35καθημένουςpresent middle participleparticipleLuke 22:30καθήσεσθεfuture middle indicativeprospectiveLuke 22:55ἐκάθητοimperfect middle indicativebackgroundLuke 22:56καθήμενονpresent middle participleparticiple+46 more occurrences
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Word Origins
ἐκάθητο ἔξω is built from this root: