Greek · G4336 · unreviewed

προσεύχομαι

To pray

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προσεύχομαι G4336
Pronunciation proseúchomai

What does προσεύχομαι (proseúchomai) mean in the Bible?

προσεύχομαι (proseúchomai) is a Greek word meaning "to pray". προσ-εύχομαι [in LXX chiefly for פָּלַל hith. Shows sustained communion between Father and Son. This term runs through the canonical themes of Messiah, Revelation.

Full entry for προσεύχομαι (G4336) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to pray
Extended definition

Prayer directed exclusively toward God, emphasizing the relational orientation of petition and intercession.

to pray (always of prayer to God, or in cl., to gods): absol., Mat.6:5-7, 9 14:23 19:13 26:36, 39 26:41, 44, Mrk.1:35 6:46 11:24-25 13:33 (WH, E, txt., om.) Mrk.14:32, 38-39 Luk.1:10 3:21 5:16 6:12 9:18, 28-29 11:1-2 18:1, 10 22:44 (WH, E, mg., om.), Act.1:24 6:6 9:11 10:9, 30 11:5 12:12 13:3 14:23 16:25 20:36 21:5 22:17 28:8, 1Co.11:4-5 14:14, 1Th.5:17, 1Ti.2:8, Jas.5:13, 18; before λέγων, Mat.26:39, 42, Luk.22:41; with dative instr., 1Co.11:5 14:14-15; μακρά, Mat.23:14 (WH, R, txt., om.), Mrk.12:40, Luk.20:47; ἐν πνεύματι (ἁγίῳ), Eph.6:18, Ju 20; προσευχῇ π. (a Hebraism, see: προσευχή), Jas.5:17; with accusative of thing(s), Luk.18:11, Rom.8:26; before ἐπί, with accusative of person(s), Jas.5:14; with dative of person(s), Mat.6:6, 1Co.11:13; before περί, with genitive, Act.8:15, Col.1:3 4:3, 1Th.5:25, 2Th.1:11 3:1, Heb.13:18; ὑπέρ, Mat.5:44 Luk.6:28, Col.1:9, Jas.5:16; before ἵνα, Mat.24:20, Mrk.13:18 14:35, Luk.22:46, 1Co.14:13; τοῦτο ἵνα, Php.1:9; with inf., Luk.22:46; before τοῦ, with inf. (Bl., § 71, 3), Jas.5:17.

Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Shows sustained communion between Father and Son.
Emphasizes persistent dependence on God.
Reveals communion with the Father preceding revelation.
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Present Aorist Imperfect Future
Voices
Middle
Imperative command or strong request 17×
Present Middle Matt 5:44 · Matt 6:9 · Matt 24:20 · Matt 26:41 · Mark 13:18 · Mark 14:38 · Luke 6:28 · Luke 22:40 · Luke 22:46 · 1 Thess 5:17 · 1 Thess 5:25 · 2 Thess 3:1 · Heb 13:18 · 1 Cor 14:13 · Jas 5:13 15×
Aorist Middle Matt 6:6 · Jas 5:14
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 27×
Present Middle Matt 6:7 · Mark 11:25 · Mark 12:40 · Acts 12:12 · Acts 16:25 · Eph 6:18 · Col 1:3 · Col 1:9 · Col 4:3 · Jude 1:20 · Matt 26:39 · Luke 5:16 · Acts 10:30 · Acts 11:5 · 1 Cor 11:4 · Luke 3:21 21×
Aorist Middle Acts 1:24 · Acts 6:6 · Acts 13:3 · Acts 14:23 · Acts 21:5 · Acts 28:8
Indicative states a fact or reality 21×
Aorist Middle Matt 26:42 · Matt 26:44 · Mark 14:39 · Acts 9:40 · Acts 20:36 · Jas 5:17 · Jas 5:18 · Acts 8:15
Present Middle Acts 9:11 · 1 Cor 14:14 · Mark 11:24 · Luke 20:47 · Phil 1:9 · 2 Thess 1:11
Imperfect Middle Mark 1:35 · Mark 14:35 · Luke 18:11 · Luke 22:41 · Luke 22:44
Future Middle 1 Cor 14:15
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract 12×
Present Middle Matt 6:5 · Luke 9:29 · Luke 11:1 · Luke 18:1 · 1 Cor 11:13 · 1 Tim 2:8
Aorist Middle Matt 14:23 · Mark 6:46 · Luke 6:12 · Luke 9:28 · Luke 18:10 · Acts 10:9
Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose
Present Middle Matt 6:5 · Luke 11:2 · Matt 6:6 · 1 Cor 14:14
Aorist Middle Matt 26:36 · Mark 14:32 · Matt 19:13 · Rom 8:26
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 74 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
completed 8 ongoing 5 prospective 2 imperative 17 background 5 subjunctive 8 infinitive 12 participle 17
Tense
present 41 aorist 26 imperfect 5 future 2
Voice
middle 74
Mood
indicative 20 imperative 17 participle 17 infinitive 12 subjunctive 8
NT Occurrences
Matthew 5:44 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Matthew 6:5 προσεύχησθε present middle subjunctive subjunctive Matthew 6:5 προσεύχεσθαι present middle infinitive infinitive Matthew 6:6 προσεύχῃ present middle subjunctive subjunctive Matthew 6:6 πρόσευξαι aorist middle imperative imperative Matthew 6:7 Προσευχόμενοι present middle participle participle Matthew 6:9 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Matthew 14:23 προσεύξασθαι aorist middle infinitive infinitive Matthew 19:13 προσεύξηται aorist middle subjunctive subjunctive Matthew 24:20 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Matthew 26:36 προσεύξωμαι aorist middle subjunctive subjunctive Matthew 26:41 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Matthew 26:42 προσηύξατο aorist middle indicative completed Matthew 26:44 προσηύξατο aorist middle indicative completed Mark 1:35 προσηύχετο imperfect middle indicative background Mark 6:46 προσεύξασθαι aorist middle infinitive infinitive Mark 11:25 προσευχόμενοι present middle participle participle Mark 12:40 προσευχόμενοι present middle participle participle Mark 13:18 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Mark 14:32 προσεύξωμαι aorist middle subjunctive subjunctive Mark 14:35 προσηύχετο imperfect middle indicative background Mark 14:38 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Mark 14:39 προσηύξατο aorist middle indicative completed Luke 3:21 προσευχομένου present middle participle participle Luke 5:16 προσευχόμενος present middle participle participle Luke 6:12 προσεύξασθαι aorist middle infinitive infinitive Luke 6:28 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Luke 9:28 προσεύξασθαι aorist middle infinitive infinitive Luke 9:29 προσεύχεσθαι present middle infinitive infinitive Luke 11:1 προσεύχεσθαι present middle infinitive infinitive Luke 11:2 προσεύχησθε present middle subjunctive subjunctive Luke 18:1 προσεύχεσθαι present middle infinitive infinitive Luke 18:10 προσεύξασθαι aorist middle infinitive infinitive Luke 18:11 προσηύχετο imperfect middle indicative background Luke 20:47 προσεύχονται present middle indicative ongoing Luke 22:40 Προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Luke 22:41 προσηύχετο imperfect middle indicative background Luke 22:44 προσηύχετο imperfect middle indicative background Luke 22:46 προσεύχεσθε present middle imperative imperative Acts 1:24 προσευξάμενοι aorist middle participle participle +34 more occurrences

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Canonical Themes
MessiahRevelation
Biblical Occurrences
Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources