Greek Form Guide

αὐτῶν. (auton) in Matthew 1:21: Genitive Plural Masculine

αὐτῶν. (auton) in Matthew 1:21

Textual Witness

αὐτῶν. auton Genitive Plural Masculine

The witness reads αὐτῶν in the closing phrase, and the surrounding clause explicitly says he will save the people from their sins.

How The Form Affects Interpretation

The form helps the reader hear the sentence as about a particular people whose sins are being removed from them, while the main force still comes from the verb and the clause as a whole.

How To Communicate It

In translation and explanation, the pronoun can be rendered simply as their, with the context showing that it refers back to the people Jesus will save.

What Not To Say

  • Grammatical form should serve context, not override it.
  • Grammatical gender here is formal and should not be turned into a theological gender claim.
  • The pronoun marks relation and reference, but the passage's meaning comes from the whole clause.

What Does The Label Mean?

Part of Speech

Pronoun: the word points to an already identified referent rather than naming it directly, and here it functions as a genitive pronoun.

Case

Genitive: the form usually marks a relationship such as possession, source, or association, and in context it limits the noun phrase it follows.

Number

Plural: the form is grammatically plural in this occurrence, referring to more than one person or to a plural group as the context allows.

Gender

Masculine: the form is grammatically masculine, which is a formal category in Greek and does not by itself make a theological claim about the referent.

What The Form Does In This Verse

Attached To

τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν

Governed By

The pronoun follows the preposition phrase and most naturally belongs with it as the genitive complement that completes the sense of source or separation.

Role In The Phrase

It identifies the owners or associated persons of the sins, so the phrase means their sins in the flow of the sentence.

What It Is Not Doing

It does not change the meaning of ἁμαρτιῶν into a different noun, and it should not be read as adding information beyond the contextual referent.

How Much The Form Matters Here

Interpretive Weight

High: The genitive plural pronoun identifies the people's sins in a central statement of Jesus' saving mission.

Syntax Profile

Genitive plural pronoun modifying sins. links the sins to the people being saved. Attached to the from their sins phrase. Governed by the statement that he will save his people. The form clarifies whose sins are in view; the saving verb carries the main theological force.

Reader Question

Whose sins will he save his people from? The pronoun refers to the sins of the people being saved.

Translation Effect

Direct: The form directly supports their sins.

Where Caution Is Needed

The masculine plural form should not be turned into a gender boundary for the saved people. The pronoun marks relation to sins; the clause explains the saving action.

Fallacies To Avoid

Masculine plural limits salvation language to males: The form is grammatical; the phrase refers to the people in context.

How The Interpretation Is Derived

Textual Witness

The witness reads αὐτῶν in the closing phrase, and the surrounding clause explicitly says he will save the people from their sins.

Lexical Identity

The lemma αὐτός is a common reference word that can point back to a previously mentioned person or group, and here it resumes the people already in view.

Grammar In Context

The plural genitive fits the sense of a plural group whose sins are in view after ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, so the grammar marks relationship but does not itself create the whole meaning.

Passage Meaning

The sentence presents Jesus as the one who will save his people from their sins, and this pronoun keeps the reader linked to that people as the ones affected by the saving action.

Canonical Fit

Within the verse, the form supports a straightforward promise of deliverance, and it fits the broader biblical pattern of saving a people from sin without adding a separate doctrine from grammar alone.

Communication Use

For readers and translators, the form signals that the sins belong to the referenced people, so the wording should preserve that connection clearly and naturally.

Do Not Derive

Do not derive a special theological meaning from masculine gender, and do not infer more specificity than the context provides about the exact identity of the plural referent.