Focused Passage

Exodus 8:16-19

Frogs, Gnats, Flies, and the LORD’s Distinction

The LORD escalates judgment through frogs, gnats, and flies; Pharaoh bargains and hardens his heart; Egypt’s magicians confess the finger of God; and the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and His people.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

16Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, that it may turn into swarms of gnats throughout the land of Egypt.’”

17This they did, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, gnats came upon man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt.

18The magicians tried to produce gnats using their magic arts, but they could not. And the gnats remained on man and beast.

19“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 16

Original words

Then the LORDיְהוָה֮H3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionMosesמֹשֶׁה֒H4872Noun - proper - masculine singularTellאֱמֹר֙H559Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular. . .אֶֽל־H413PrepositionAaronאַהֲרֹ֔ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singularStretch outנְטֵ֣הH5186Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶֽת־H853Direct object markeryour staffמַטְּךָ֔H4294Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singularand strikeוְהַ֖ךְH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe dustעֲפַ֣רH6083Noun - masculine singular constructof the earthהָאָ֑רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularthat it may turn intoוְהָיָ֥הH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularswarms of gnatsלְכִנִּ֖םH3654Preposition-l | Noun - masculine pluralthroughoutבְּכָל־H3605Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאֶ֥רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 17

Original words

This they didוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־H6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .כֵ֗ןH3651Adverband when Aaronאַהֲרֹ֨ןH175Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerstretched outוַיֵּט֩H5186Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis handיָד֤וֹH3027Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularwith his staffבְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙H4294Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularand struckוַיַּךְ֙H5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe dustעֲפַ֣רH6083Noun - masculine singular constructof the earthהָאָ֔רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singulargnatsהַכִּנָּ֔םH3654Article | Noun - masculine singularcame uponוַתְּהִי֙H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularmanבָּאָדָ֖םH120Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularand beastוּבַבְּהֵמָ֑הH929Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularAllכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe dustעֲפַ֥רH6083Noun - masculine singular constructof the earthהָאָ֛רֶץH776Article | Noun - feminine singularturned intoהָיָ֥הH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singulargnatsכִנִּ֖יםH3654Noun - masculine pluralthroughoutבְּכָל־H3605Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructthe landאֶ֥רֶץH776Noun - feminine singular constructof Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃H4714Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 18

Original words

The magiciansהַחַרְטֻמִּ֧יםH2748Article | Noun - masculine pluraltriedוַיַּעֲשׂוּ־H6213Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .כֵ֨ןH3651Adverbto produceלְהוֹצִ֥יאH3318Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct-אֶת־H853Direct object markergnatsהַכִּנִּ֖יםH3654Article | Noun - masculine pluralusing their magic artsבְּלָטֵיהֶ֛םH3909Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine pluralbut they couldיָכֹ֑לוּH3201Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralnotוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particleAnd the gnatsהַכִּנָּ֔םH3654Article | Noun - masculine singularremainedוַתְּהִי֙H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularon manבָּאָדָ֖םH120Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularand beastוּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃H929Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 19

Original words

Thisהִ֑ואH1931Pronoun - third person feminine singularis the fingerאֶצְבַּ֥עH676Noun - feminine singular constructof Godאֱלֹהִ֖יםH430Noun - masculine pluralthe magiciansהַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙H2748Article | Noun - masculine pluralsaidוַיֹּאמְר֤וּH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltoאֶל־H413PrepositionPharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הH6547Noun - proper - masculine singularBut Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹה֙H6547Noun - proper - masculine singularheartלֵב־H3820Noun - masculine singular constructwas hardenedוַיֶּחֱזַ֤קH2388Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand he would notוְלֹֽא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlelistenשָׁמַ֣עH8085Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularto themאֲלֵהֶ֔םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluraljust asכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativethe LORDיְהוָֽה׃סH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularhad saidדִּבֶּ֥רH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Or stiffened or strengthened

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.