What does μή · γινώσκω mean in the Bible?
μή · γινώσκω is a Greek phrase meaning "not having known".
Greek · G3361, G1097
μὴ γνοὺς
Not · to know
Reading a lexicon entry
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
μήG3361not
Pronunciationmḗ
Subjective negation: denies what one thinks or believes, not absolute fact; used with non-indicative moods
Open lexicon entry →γινώσκωG1097to know
Pronunciationginṓskō
Know through experience and observation, distinct from οἶδα which is reflective knowing based on intuition or information
Open lexicon entry →What does μὴ γνοὺς (mē gnous) mean in the Bible?
μή · γινώσκω is a Greek phrase meaning "not having known".
Full entry for μὴ γνοὺς (G3361, G1097) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for G3361, G1097?
G3361, G1097 is connected to 1,036 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Greek phrase. not having known
Source Gloss
not having known
Grammatical Forms
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 3 case and number patterns. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Form patterns3Aligned forms1036
Matt 1:19 · Matt 1:20 · Matt 2:12 · Matt 3:9 · Matt 3:10 · Matt 5:13 · Matt 5:17 · Matt 5:18 · Matt 5:20 · Matt 5:26 · Matt 5:29 · Matt 5:30 · Matt 5:34 · Matt 5:39 · Matt 5:42 · Matt 6:1945×
Matt 7:9 · Matt 7:10 · Matt 9:15 · Matt 11:23 · Mark 2:19 · Luke 5:34 · Luke 10:15 · Luke 17:9 · Luke 18:7 · Luke 22:35 · John 3:4 · John 4:12 · John 4:33 · John 6:67 · John 7:31 · John 7:3557×
Matt 18:10 · Matt 24:4 · Mark 13:5 · Mark 13:36 · Luke 11:35 · Luke 21:8 · Acts 5:26 · Acts 13:40 · Acts 23:10 · Acts 27:17 · Acts 27:29 · Acts 27:42 · 1 Cor 8:9 · 1 Cor 9:27 · 1 Cor 10:12 · 2 Cor 2:734×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 219 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
aorist97present79perfect19future17imperfect5pluperfect2
Voice
active194middle13passive12
Mood
indicative139participle29subjunctive19infinitive18imperative14
NT Occurrences
Matthew 1:25ἐγίνωσκενimperfect active indicativebackgroundMatthew 6:3γνώτωaorist active imperativeimperativeMatthew 7:23ἔγνωνaorist active indicativecompletedMatthew 9:30γινωσκέτωpresent active imperativeimperativeMatthew 10:26γνωσθήσεταιfuture passive indicativeprospectiveMatthew 12:15γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleMatthew 12:33γινώσκεταιpresent passive indicativeongoingMatthew 12:7ἐγνώκειτεpluperfect active indicativeresultantMatthew 13:11γνῶναιaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveMatthew 16:3γινώσκετεpresent active indicativeongoingMatthew 16:8γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleMatthew 21:45ἔγνωσανaorist active indicativecompletedMatthew 22:18γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleMatthew 24:32γινώσκετεpresent active indicativeongoingMatthew 24:33γινώσκετεpresent active indicativeongoingMatthew 24:39ἔγνωσανaorist active indicativecompletedMatthew 24:43γινώσκετεpresent active imperativeimperativeMatthew 24:50γινώσκειpresent active indicativeongoingMatthew 25:24ἔγνωνaorist active indicativecompletedMatthew 26:10γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleMark 4:13γνώσεσθεfuture middle indicativeprospectiveMark 5:29ἔγνωaorist active indicativecompletedMark 5:43γνοῖaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveMark 6:38γνόντεςaorist active participleparticipleMark 7:24γνῶναιaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveMark 8:17γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleMark 9:30γνοῖaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveMark 12:12ἔγνωσανaorist active indicativecompletedMark 13:28γινώσκετεpresent active indicativeongoingMark 13:29γινώσκετεpresent active imperativeimperativeMark 15:10ἐγίνωσκενimperfect active indicativebackgroundMark 15:45γνοὺςaorist active participleparticipleLuke 1:18γνώσομαιfuture middle indicativeprospectiveLuke 1:34γινώσκωpresent active indicativeongoingLuke 2:43ἔγνωσανaorist active indicativecompletedLuke 6:44γινώσκεταιpresent passive indicativeongoingLuke 7:39ἐγίνωσκενimperfect active indicativebackgroundLuke 8:10γνῶναιaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveLuke 8:17γνωσθῇaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveLuke 8:46ἔγνωνaorist active indicativecompleted+179 more occurrences
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Word Origins
μὴ γνοὺς is built from this root: