What does μή · γινώσκω mean in the Bible?
μή · γινώσκω is a Greek phrase meaning "not having known".
Greek · G3361, G1097
μὴ γνοὺς
Not · to know
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
μή G3361 not
Pronunciation mḗ
Subjective negation: denies what one thinks or believes, not absolute fact; used with non-indicative moods
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γινώσκω G1097 to know
Pronunciation ginṓskō
Know through experience and observation, distinct from οἶδα which is reflective knowing based on intuition or information
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What does μὴ γνοὺς (mē gnous) mean in the Bible?
μή · γινώσκω is a Greek phrase meaning "not having known".
Full entry for μὴ γνοὺς (G3361, G1097) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for G3361, G1097?
G3361, G1097 is connected to 1,036 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Greek phrase. not having known
Source Gloss
not having known
Grammatical Forms
How this word appears across different grammatical cases and numbers.
This word appears as a noun across 3 case and number patterns. The form changes show how the word functions in a sentence; they do not change the basic lexical meaning by themselves.
Form patterns 3 Aligned forms 1036
Matt 1:19 · Matt 1:20 · Matt 2:12 · Matt 3:9 · Matt 3:10 · Matt 5:13 · Matt 5:17 · Matt 5:18 · Matt 5:20 · Matt 5:26 · Matt 5:29 · Matt 5:30 · Matt 5:34 · Matt 5:39 · Matt 5:42 · Matt 6:1 945×
Matt 7:9 · Matt 7:10 · Matt 9:15 · Matt 11:23 · Mark 2:19 · Luke 5:34 · Luke 10:15 · Luke 17:9 · Luke 18:7 · Luke 22:35 · John 3:4 · John 4:12 · John 4:33 · John 6:67 · John 7:31 · John 7:35 57×
Matt 18:10 · Matt 24:4 · Mark 13:5 · Mark 13:36 · Luke 11:35 · Luke 21:8 · Acts 5:26 · Acts 13:40 · Acts 23:10 · Acts 27:17 · Acts 27:29 · Acts 27:42 · 1 Cor 8:9 · 1 Cor 9:27 · 1 Cor 10:12 · 2 Cor 2:7 34×
Discourse Aspect
How this verb appears across 219 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect
Tense
aorist 97 present 79 perfect 19 future 17 imperfect 5 pluperfect 2
Voice
active 194 middle 13 passive 12
Mood
indicative 139 participle 29 subjunctive 19 infinitive 18 imperative 14
NT Occurrences
Matthew 1:25 ἐγίνωσκεν imperfect active indicative background Matthew 6:3 γνώτω aorist active imperative imperative Matthew 7:23 ἔγνων aorist active indicative completed Matthew 9:30 γινωσκέτω present active imperative imperative Matthew 10:26 γνωσθήσεται future passive indicative prospective Matthew 12:15 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Matthew 12:33 γινώσκεται present passive indicative ongoing Matthew 12:7 ἐγνώκειτε pluperfect active indicative resultant Matthew 13:11 γνῶναι aorist active infinitive infinitive Matthew 16:3 γινώσκετε present active indicative ongoing Matthew 16:8 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Matthew 21:45 ἔγνωσαν aorist active indicative completed Matthew 22:18 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Matthew 24:32 γινώσκετε present active indicative ongoing Matthew 24:33 γινώσκετε present active indicative ongoing Matthew 24:39 ἔγνωσαν aorist active indicative completed Matthew 24:43 γινώσκετε present active imperative imperative Matthew 24:50 γινώσκει present active indicative ongoing Matthew 25:24 ἔγνων aorist active indicative completed Matthew 26:10 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Mark 4:13 γνώσεσθε future middle indicative prospective Mark 5:29 ἔγνω aorist active indicative completed Mark 5:43 γνοῖ aorist active subjunctive subjunctive Mark 6:38 γνόντες aorist active participle participle Mark 7:24 γνῶναι aorist active infinitive infinitive Mark 8:17 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Mark 9:30 γνοῖ aorist active subjunctive subjunctive Mark 12:12 ἔγνωσαν aorist active indicative completed Mark 13:28 γινώσκετε present active indicative ongoing Mark 13:29 γινώσκετε present active imperative imperative Mark 15:10 ἐγίνωσκεν imperfect active indicative background Mark 15:45 γνοὺς aorist active participle participle Luke 1:18 γνώσομαι future middle indicative prospective Luke 1:34 γινώσκω present active indicative ongoing Luke 2:43 ἔγνωσαν aorist active indicative completed Luke 6:44 γινώσκεται present passive indicative ongoing Luke 7:39 ἐγίνωσκεν imperfect active indicative background Luke 8:10 γνῶναι aorist active infinitive infinitive Luke 8:17 γνωσθῇ aorist passive subjunctive subjunctive Luke 8:46 ἔγνων aorist active indicative completed
+179 more occurrences
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Word Origins
μὴ γνοὺς is built from this root:
Sources
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain