Greek · G3996 · unreviewed

πενθέω

To grieve (the feeling or the act)

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πενθέω G3996

Pronunciation penthéō

What does πενθέω (penthéō) mean in the Bible?

πενθέω (penthéō) is a Greek word meaning "to grieve (the feeling or the act)". πενθέω, -ῶ [in LXX chiefly for אָבַל ;] to mourn (for), lament; __(a) intrans.

Full entry for πενθέω (G3996) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to grieve (the feeling or the act)

Extended definition

Deep sorrow expressed through outward lamentation; grief that manifests in visible mourning behavior.

to mourn (for), lament;

aintrans. : Mat.5:4 (5) Mat.9:15, 1Co.5:2; π. καὶ κλαίειν, Mat.16:10, Luk.6:25, Jas.4:9, Rev.18:15, 19; before ἐπί, with accusative, Rev.18:11;

btrans., with accusative, 2Co.12:21.

Synonymssee: θρηνέω

Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith

Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses

Present Future Aorist

Voices

Active

Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 4×

Present Active Matt 5:4 · Rev 18:15 · Rev 18:19 · Mark 16:10 4×

Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract 1×

Present Active Matt 9:15 1×

Indicative states a fact or reality 3×

Future Active Luke 6:25 1×

Aorist Active 1 Cor 5:2 1×

Present Active Rev 18:11 1×

Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose 1×

Aorist Active 2 Cor 12:21 1×

Imperative command or strong request 1×

Aorist Active Jas 4:9 1×

Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 9 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect

completed 1 prospective 1 imperative 1 subjunctive 1 infinitive 1 participle 4

Tense

present 5 aorist 3 future 1

Voice

active 9

Mood

participle 4 indicative 2 subjunctive 1 imperative 1 infinitive 1

NT Occurrences

Matthew 5:4 πενθοῦντες present active participle participle Matthew 9:15 πενθεῖν present active infinitive infinitive Mark 16:10 πενθοῦσι present active participle participle Luke 6:25 πενθήσετε future active indicative prospective 1 Corinthians 5:2 ἐπενθήσατε aorist active indicative completed 2 Corinthians 12:21 πενθήσω aorist active subjunctive subjunctive James 4:9 πενθήσατε aorist active imperative imperative Revelation 18:15 πενθοῦντες present active participle participle Revelation 18:19 πενθοῦντες present active participle participle

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Biblical Occurrences

Each occurrence shows the passage reference, the original language term as it appears in that context, its transliteration, and the contextual sense.

Biblical Witnesses

1 Corinthians 5:1-5 mourn penthéō Indicative · Aorist Active

Intransitive mourning, expressing collective grief over sin in the community

Isaiah 24:7-13 mourn penthéō

Mourning over desolation and judgment, expressing sorrow for ruined land and people

Jeremiah 8:18-22 mourn penthéō

Deep lamentation over brokenness and suffering, expressing compassionate grief for wounded people

Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

1 Corinthians 5 — Purge the Evil, Keep the Feast, and Guard the Holiness of the Church Matthew 5 — Kingdom Blessedness, Fulfilled Law, and Heart-Level Righteousness Matthew 9 — Authority to Forgive, Mercy for Sinners, and Compassion for the Harvest

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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