Focused Passage

Judges 20:1-3

Israel's Civil War Against Benjamin: Justice, Judgment, and Near Tribal Ruin

Judges 20 moves from shocked national unity over Gibeah's outrage, through Benjamin's refusal to give up the guilty, through repeated defeat and intensified seeking of the LORD, into divinely granted victory that becomes catastrophic civil war and leaves Benjamin almost extinguished.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then all the Israelites from Dan to Beersheba and from the land of Gilead came out, and the congregation assembled as one man before the LORD at Mizpah.

2The leaders of all the people and all the tribes of Israel presented themselves in the assembly of God’s people: 400,000 men on foot, armed with swords.

3(Meanwhile the Benjamites heard that the Israelites had gone up to Mizpah.) And the Israelites asked, “Tell us, how did this wicked thing happen?”

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then allכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵל֒H3478Noun - proper - masculine singularfrom Danלְמִדָּן֙H1835Preposition-l, Preposition-m | Noun - proper - masculine singulartoוְעַד־H5704Conjunctive waw | Prepositionvvvבְּאֵ֣רH884PrepositionBeershebaשֶׁ֔בַעH884Noun - proper - feminine singularand from the landוְאֶ֖רֶץH776Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular constructof Gileadהַגִּלְעָ֑דH1568Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularcame outוַיֵּצְאוּ֮H3318Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland the congregationהָעֵדָ֜הH5712Article | Noun - feminine singularassembledוַתִּקָּהֵ֨לH6950Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularas oneאֶחָ֗דH259Number - masculine singularmanכְּאִ֣ישׁH376Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singularbeforeאֶל־H413Prepositionthe LORDיְהוָ֖הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularat Mizpahהַמִּצְפָּֽה׃H4709Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 2

Original words

The leadersפִּנּ֣וֹתH6438Noun - feminine plural constructof allכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe peopleהָעָ֗םH5971Article | Noun - masculine singularand allכֹּ֚לH3605Noun - masculine singular constructthe tribesשִׁבְטֵ֣יH7626Noun - masculine plural constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularpresented themselvesוַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֞וּH3320Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralin the assemblyבִּקְהַ֖לH6951Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof God’sהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםH430Article | Noun - masculine pluralpeopleעַ֣םH5971Noun - masculine singular construct400,000 {}אַרְבַּ֨עH702Number - feminine singular. . .מֵא֥וֹתH3967Number - feminine plural. . .אֶ֛לֶףH505Number - masculine singularmenאִ֥ישׁH376Noun - masculine singularon footרַגְלִ֖יH7273Adjective - masculine singulararmedשֹׁ֥לֵֽףH8025Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularwith swordsחָֽרֶב׃פH2719Noun - feminine singular
Verse 3

Original words

Meanwhile the Benjamitesבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .בִנְיָמִ֔ןH1144Noun - proper - masculine singularheardוַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙H8085Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralthatכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe Israelitesבְנֵֽי־H1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularhad gone upעָל֥וּH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralto Mizpahהַמִּצְפָּ֑הH4709Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularAnd the Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularaskedוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙H559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralTellדַּבְּר֕וּH1696Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine pluralus, howאֵיכָ֥הH349Interjectiondid thisהַזֹּֽאת׃H2063Article | Pronoun - feminine singularwicked thingהָרָעָ֥הH7451Article | Adjective - feminine singularhappenנִהְיְתָ֖הH1961Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.