Focused Passage

Exodus 12:37-42

Passover, Judgment, and the Exodus from Egypt

The LORD institutes Passover and Unleavened Bread, shelters Israel through the blood of the lamb, strikes Egypt’s firstborn, brings Israel out with provision, and commands the redeemed people to remember and observe this deliverance.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth with about 600,000 men on foot, besides women and children.

38 And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.

39 Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

40 Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt was 430 years.

41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD’s divisions went out of the land of Egypt.

42 Because the LORD kept a vigil that night to bring them out of the land of Egypt, this same night is to be a vigil to the LORD, to be observed by all the Israelites for the generations to come.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 37

Original words

The Israelites בְנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular journeyed וַיִּסְע֧וּ H5265 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural from Rameses מֵרַעְמְסֵ֖ס H7486 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular to Succoth סֻכֹּ֑תָה H5523 Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular with about 600,000 כְּשֵׁשׁ־ H8337 Preposition-k | Number - feminine singular construct . . . מֵא֨וֹת H3967 Number - feminine plural construct . . . אֶ֧לֶף H505 Number - masculine singular men הַגְּבָרִ֖ים H1397 Article | Noun - masculine plural on foot רַגְלִ֛י H7273 Adjective - masculine singular besides לְבַ֥ד H905 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular women and children מִטָּֽף׃ H2945 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Succoth means booths or shelters or tabernacles.
Verse 38

Original words

And a mixed עֵ֥רֶב H6154 Noun - masculine singular multitude רַ֖ב H7227 Adjective - masculine singular also וְגַם־ H1571 Conjunction went up עָלָ֣ה H5927 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular with them אִתָּ֑ם H854 Preposition | third person masculine plural along with great droves of כָּבֵ֥ד H3515 Adjective - masculine singular . . . מְאֹֽד׃ H3966 Adverb livestock מִקְנֶ֖ה H4735 Noun - masculine singular both flocks וְצֹ֣אן H6629 Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singular and herds וּבָקָ֔ר H1241 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 39

Original words

Since כִּ֣י H3588 Conjunction their dough הַבָּצֵ֜ק H1217 Article | Noun - masculine singular had no לֹ֣א H3808 Adverb - Negative particle leaven חָמֵ֑ץ H2556 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular the people baked וַיֹּאפ֨וּ H644 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker - אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834 Pronoun - relative what they had brought הוֹצִ֧יאוּ H3318 Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural out of Egypt מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם H4714 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular into unleavened מַצּ֖וֹת H4682 Noun - feminine plural loaves עֻגֹ֥ת H5692 Noun - feminine plural For כִּֽי־ H3588 Conjunction when they had been driven out גֹרְשׁ֣וּ H1644 Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common plural of Egypt מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם H4714 Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular they could יָֽכְלוּ֙ H3201 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural not וְלֹ֤א H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle delay לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ H4102 Preposition-l | Verb - Hitpael - Infinitive construct and וְגַם־ H1571 Conjunction had not לֹא־ H3808 Adverb - Negative particle prepared עָשׂ֥וּ H6213 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural any provisions צֵדָ֖ה H6720 Noun - feminine singular for themselves לָהֶֽם׃ Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 40

Original words

Now the duration וּמוֹשַׁב֙ H4186 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct - אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834 Pronoun - relative vvv בְּנֵ֣י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of the Israelites’ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular stay יָשְׁב֖וּ H3427 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural in Egypt בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular was 430 שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים H7970 Number - common plural . . . וְאַרְבַּ֥ע H702 Conjunctive waw | Number - feminine singular construct . . . מֵא֖וֹת H3967 Number - feminine plural . . . שָׁנָֽה׃ H8141 Noun - feminine singular years שָׁנָ֔ה H8141 Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • MT; SP in Canaan and Egypt; LXX in Egypt and Canaan
Verse 41

Original words

- וַיְהִ֗י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular At the end מִקֵּץ֙ H7093 Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct of the 430 שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים H7970 Number - common plural . . . וְאַרְבַּ֥ע H702 Conjunctive waw | Number - feminine singular construct . . . מֵא֖וֹת H3967 Number - feminine plural . . . שָׁנָ֑ה H8141 Noun - feminine singular . . . וַיְהִ֗י H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular years שָׁנָ֔ה H8141 Noun - feminine singular to the הַזֶּ֔ה H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular very בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ H6106 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct day הַיּ֣וֹם H3117 Article | Noun - masculine singular all כָּל־ H3605 Noun - masculine singular construct the LORD’s יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular divisions צִבְא֥וֹת H6635 Noun - common plural construct went out יָֽצְא֛וּ H3318 Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural of the land מֵאֶ֥רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרָֽיִם׃ H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 42

Original words

Because the LORD לַֽיהוָ֔ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular kept a vigil שִׁמֻּרִ֥ים H8107 Noun - masculine plural that הוּא֙ H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular night לֵ֣יל H3915 Noun - masculine singular construct to bring them לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם H3318 Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural out of the land מֵאֶ֣רֶץ H776 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct of Egypt מִצְרָ֑יִם H4714 Noun - proper - feminine singular . . . הֽוּא־ H1931 Pronoun - third person masculine singular this same הַזֶּה֙ H2088 Article | Pronoun - masculine singular night [is to be a vigil ] הַלַּ֤יְלָה H3915 Article | Noun - masculine singular to the LORD לַֽיהוָ֔ה H3068 Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular to be observed שִׁמֻּרִ֛ים H8107 Noun - masculine plural by all לְכָל־ H3605 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct the Israelites בְּנֵ֥י H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct . . . יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular for the generations to come לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃פ H1755 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.