Focused Passage

Exodus 28:15-30

Priestly Garments for Glory, Beauty, Mediation, and Holiness

The LORD commands Moses to bring Aaron and his sons near to serve as priests, instructs skilled workers to make holy garments for Aaron, describes the ephod and its memorial stones, the breastpiece of decision with twelve tribal stones and the Urim and Thummim, the robe of the ephod with bells and pomegranates, the gold plate engraved 'Holy to the LORD,' and the tunics, sashes, caps, undergarments, and regulations for priestly service.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

15 You are also to make a breastpiece of judgment with the same workmanship as the ephod. Construct it with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen.

16 It must be square when folded over double, a span long and a span wide.

17 And mount on it a setting of gemstones, four rows of stones: In the first row there shall be a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;

18 in the second row a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond;

19 in the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst;

20 and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings.

21 The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

22 For the breastpiece, make braided chains like cords of pure gold.

23 You are also to make two gold rings and fasten them to the two corners of the breastpiece.

24 Then fasten the two gold chains to the two gold rings at the corners of the breastpiece,

25 and fasten the other ends of the two chains to the two filigree settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front.

26 Make two more gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece, on the inside edge next to the ephod.

27 Make two additional gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, on its front, near its seam just above its woven waistband.

28 The rings of the breastpiece shall be tied to the rings of the ephod with a cord of blue yarn, so that the breastpiece is above the waistband of the ephod and does not swing out from the ephod.

29 Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place, he shall bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of judgment, as a continual reminder before the LORD.

30 And place the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece of judgment, so that they will also be over Aaron’s heart whenever he comes before the LORD. Aaron will continually carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the LORD.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 15

Original words

You are also to make וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular a breastpiece חֹ֤שֶׁן H2833 Noun - masculine singular construct of judgment מִשְׁפָּט֙ H4941 Noun - masculine singular - תַּעֲשֶׂ֑נּוּ H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular | third person masculine singular with the same workmanship מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה H4639 Noun - masculine singular construct . . . חֹשֵׁ֔ב H2803 Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular . . . כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה H4639 Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct as the ephod אֵפֹ֖ד H646 Noun - masculine singular Construct תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה H6213 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular it אֹתֽוֹ׃ H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine singular with gold זָ֠הָב H2091 Noun - masculine singular with blue תְּכֵ֨לֶת H8504 Noun - feminine singular purple וְאַרְגָּמָ֜ן H713 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular and scarlet yarn וְתוֹלַ֧עַת H8438 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct . . . שָׁנִ֛י H8144 Noun - masculine singular and with finely spun מָשְׁזָ֖ר H7806 Verb - Hofal - Participle - masculine singular linen וְשֵׁ֥שׁ H8336 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 16

Original words

It must be יִֽהְיֶ֖ה H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular square רָב֥וּעַ H7251 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular when folded over double כָּפ֑וּל H3717 Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular a span זֶ֥רֶת H2239 Noun - feminine singular long אָרְכּ֖וֹ H753 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular and a span וְזֶ֥רֶת H2239 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular wide רָחְבּֽוֹ׃ H7341 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular

BSB notes

  • The breastpiece, when folded over, was approximately 9 inches or 22.9 centimeters in both length and width.
Verse 17

Original words

And mount וּמִלֵּאתָ֥ H4390 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular on it בוֹ֙ Preposition | third person masculine singular a setting מִלֻּ֣אַת H4396 Noun - feminine singular construct of gemstones אֶ֔בֶן H68 Noun - feminine singular four אַרְבָּעָ֖ה H702 Number - masculine singular rows טוּרִ֣ים H2905 Noun - masculine plural of stones אָ֑בֶן H68 Noun - feminine singular In the first הָאֶחָֽד׃ H259 Article | Number - masculine singular row there shall be ט֗וּר H2905 Noun - masculine singular construct - הַטּ֖וּר H2905 Article | Noun - masculine singular a ruby אֹ֤דֶם H124 Noun - masculine singular a topaz פִּטְדָה֙ H6357 Noun - feminine singular and an emerald וּבָרֶ֔קֶת H1304 Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain.
Verse 18

Original words

in the second הַשֵּׁנִ֑י H8145 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular row וְהַטּ֖וּר H2905 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular a turquoise נֹ֥פֶךְ H5306 Noun - masculine singular a sapphire סַפִּ֖יר H5601 Noun - masculine singular and a diamond וְיָהֲלֹֽם׃ H3095 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 19

Original words

in the third הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י H7992 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular row וְהַטּ֖וּר H2905 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular a jacinth לֶ֥שֶׁם H3958 Noun - masculine singular an agate שְׁב֖וֹ H7618 Noun - masculine singular and an amethyst וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃ H306 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

and in the fourth הָרְבִיעִ֔י H7243 Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular row וְהַטּוּר֙ H2905 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular a beryl תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ H8658 Noun - masculine singular an onyx וְשֹׁ֖הַם H7718 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular and a jasper וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה H3471 Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular . . . מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים H7660 Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine plural Mount [these stones] יִהְי֖וּ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural in gold זָהָ֛ב H2091 Noun - masculine singular filigree settings בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃ H4396 Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Verse 21

Original words

The twelve שְׁתֵּ֥ים H8147 Number - fd . . . עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה H6240 Number - feminine singular stones וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים H68 Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine plural are תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural to עַל־ H5921 Preposition correspond to the names שְׁמֹ֧ת H8034 Noun - masculine plural construct of the sons בְּנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular each אִ֣ישׁ H376 Noun - masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . שְׁמ֔וֹ H8034 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular . . . תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ H1961 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural engraved פִּתּוּחֵ֤י H6603 Noun - masculine plural construct like a seal חוֹתָם֙ H2368 Noun - masculine singular with עַל־ H5921 Preposition the name שְׁמֹתָ֑ם H8034 Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural of one of the twelve לִשְׁנֵ֥י H8147 Preposition-l | Number - masculine dual construct . . . עָשָׂ֖ר H6240 Number - masculine singular tribes שָֽׁבֶט׃ H7626 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 22

Original words

For the breastpiece הַחֹ֛שֶׁן H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular . . . שַֽׁרְשֹׁ֥ת H8331 Noun - feminine plural construct make וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular . . . עַל־ H5921 Preposition braided chains גַּבְלֻ֖ת H1383 Noun - feminine singular . . . עֲבֹ֑ת H5688 Noun - common singular like cords מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה H4639 Noun - masculine singular construct of pure טָהֽוֹר׃ H2889 Adjective - masculine singular gold זָהָ֖ב H2091 Noun - masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

You are also to make וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular - עַל־ H5921 Preposition - הַחֹ֔שֶׁן H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular two שְׁתֵּ֖י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct gold זָהָ֑ב H2091 Noun - masculine singular rings טַבְּע֣וֹת H2885 Noun - feminine plural construct and fasten וְנָתַתָּ֗ H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker them שְׁתֵּי֙ H8147 Number - feminine dual construct . . . הַטַּבָּע֔וֹת H2885 Article | Noun - feminine plural to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the two שְׁנֵ֖י H8147 Number - masculine dual construct corners קְצ֥וֹת H7098 Noun - feminine plural construct of the breastpiece הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 24

Original words

Then fasten וְנָתַתָּ֗ה H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker the two שְׁתֵּי֙ H8147 Number - feminine dual construct gold הַזָּהָ֔ב H2091 Article | Noun - masculine singular chains עֲבֹתֹ֣ת H5688 Noun - common plural construct to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the two שְׁתֵּ֖י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct gold rings הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת H2885 Article | Noun - feminine plural at אֶל־ H413 Preposition the corners קְצ֖וֹת H7098 Noun - feminine plural construct of the breastpiece הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 25

Original words

- וְאֵ֨ת H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and fasten תִּתֵּ֖ן H5414 Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular the other שְׁתֵּ֤י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct ends קְצוֹת֙ H7098 Noun - feminine plural construct of the two שְׁתֵּ֣י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct chains הָעֲבֹתֹ֔ת H5688 Article | Noun - common plural to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the two שְׁתֵּ֣י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct filigree settings הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצ֑וֹת H4865 Article | Noun - feminine plural attaching them וְנָתַתָּ֛ה H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the shoulder pieces כִּתְפ֥וֹת H3802 Noun - feminine plural construct of the ephod הָאֵפֹ֖ד H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular at אֶל־ H413 Preposition the front מ֥וּל H4136 Preposition . . . פָּנָֽיו׃ H6440 Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular
Verse 26

Original words

Make וְעָשִׂ֗יתָ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular two [more] שְׁתֵּי֙ H8147 Number - feminine dual construct gold זָהָ֔ב H2091 Noun - masculine singular rings טַבְּע֣וֹת H2885 Noun - feminine plural construct and attach וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ H7760 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular them אֹתָ֔ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the other two שְׁנֵ֖י H8147 Number - masculine dual construct corners קְצ֣וֹת H7098 Noun - feminine plural construct of the breastpiece הַחֹ֑שֶׁן H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular on עַל־ H5921 Preposition . . . עֵ֥בֶר H5676 Noun - masculine singular construct the inside בָּֽיְתָה׃ H1004 Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular edge שְׂפָת֕וֹ H8193 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular - אֲשֶׁ֛ר H834 Pronoun - relative next to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the ephod הָאֵפֹ֖ד H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 27

Original words

Make וְעָשִׂיתָ֮ H6213 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular two [additional] שְׁתֵּ֣י H8147 Number - feminine dual construct gold זָהָב֒ H2091 Noun - masculine singular rings טַבְּע֣וֹת H2885 Noun - feminine plural construct and attach וְנָתַתָּ֣ה H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular them אֹתָ֡ם H853 Direct object marker | third person masculine plural to עַל־ H5921 Preposition the bottom מִלְּמַ֙טָּה֙ H4295 Preposition-m, Preposition-l | Adverb of the two שְׁתֵּי֩ H8147 Number - feminine dual construct shoulder pieces כִתְפ֨וֹת H3802 Noun - feminine plural construct of the ephod הָאֵפ֤וֹד H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular on its front מִמּ֣וּל H4136 Preposition-m . . . פָּנָ֔יו H6440 Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular near לְעֻמַּ֖ת H5980 Preposition-l its seam מֶחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹ H4225 Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular just above מִמַּ֕עַל H4605 Preposition-m | Adverb its woven waistband לְחֵ֖שֶׁב H2805 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct . . . הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 28

Original words

The rings מִטַּבְּעֹתוֹ H2885 Preposition-m | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular of the breastpiece הַ֠חֹשֶׁן H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular shall be tied וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ H7405 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker to אֶל־ H413 Preposition the rings טַבְּעֹ֤ת H2885 Noun - feminine plural construct of the ephod הָאֵפֹד֙ H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular with a cord בִּפְתִ֣יל H6616 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of blue yarn תְּכֵ֔לֶת H8504 Noun - feminine singular so that the breastpiece הַחֹ֔שֶׁן H2833 Article | Noun - masculine singular is לִֽהְי֖וֹת H1961 Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct above עַל־ H5921 Preposition the waistband חֵ֣שֶׁב H2805 Noun - masculine singular construct of the ephod הָאֵפ֑וֹד H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular and does not וְלֹֽא־ H3808 Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle swing out יִזַּ֣ח H2118 Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular from מֵעַ֖ל H5921 Preposition-m the ephod הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ H646 Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 29

Original words

Whenever [Aaron] enters בְּבֹא֣וֹ H935 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular . . . אֶל־ H413 Preposition the Holy [Place] הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ H6944 Article | Noun - masculine singular [he] אַ֠הֲרֹן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker shall bear וְנָשָׂ֣א H5375 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular the names שְׁמ֨וֹת H8034 Noun - masculine plural construct of the sons בְּנֵֽי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular over עַל־ H5921 Preposition his heart לִבּ֖וֹ H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular on the breastpiece בְּחֹ֧שֶׁן H2833 Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct of judgment הַמִּשְׁפָּ֛ט H4941 Article | Noun - masculine singular as a continual תָּמִֽיד׃ H8548 Adverb reminder לְזִכָּרֹ֥ן H2146 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular before לִפְנֵֽי־ H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 30

Original words

And place וְנָתַתָּ֞ H5414 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular the Urim הָאוּרִים֙ H224 Article | Noun - masculine plural - וְאֶת־ H853 Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker and Thummim הַתֻּמִּ֔ים H8550 Article | Noun - masculine plural in אֶל־ H413 Preposition the breastpiece חֹ֣שֶׁן H2833 Noun - masculine singular construct of judgment הַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט H4941 Article | Noun - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker so that they will also be וְהָיוּ֙ H1961 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural over עַל־ H5921 Preposition Aaron’s אַהֲרֹ֔ן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular heart לֵ֣ב H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct whenever he comes בְּבֹא֖וֹ H935 Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular before לִפְנֵ֣י H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct the LORD יְהוָ֑ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular Aaron אַ֠הֲרֹן H175 Noun - proper - masculine singular - אֶת־ H853 Direct object marker will continually תָּמִֽיד׃ס H8548 Adverb carry וְנָשָׂ֣א H5375 Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular the judgment מִשְׁפַּ֨ט H4941 Noun - masculine singular construct of the sons בְּנֵי־ H1121 Noun - masculine plural construct of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל H3478 Noun - proper - masculine singular over עַל־ H5921 Preposition his heart לִבּ֛וֹ H3820 Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular before לִפְנֵ֥י H6440 Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct the LORD יְהוָ֖ה H3068 Noun - proper - masculine singular

BSB notes

  • Literally Lights and Perfections

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.