Focused Passage

Galatians 4:8-11

No Longer Slaves: Sonship, Pastoral Anguish, and Children of Promise

Paul moves from the temporary minority of heirs under guardians, to redemption and adoption through God's sent Son, to the Spirit's cry of sonship, then to pastoral anguish over the Galatians' regression, and finally to the contrast between slavery and promise through Hagar and Sarah.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

8 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.

9 But now that you know God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you are turning back to those weak and worthless principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?

10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!

11 I fear for you, that my efforts for you may have been in vain.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 8

Original words

- Ἀλλὰ G235 Conjunction - μὲν G3303 Conjunction Formerly τότε G5119 Adverb vvv οὐκ G3756 Adverb when you did not know εἰδότες G1492 Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural God Θεὸν G2316 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular you were slaves ἐδουλεύσατε G1398 Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural to those who τοῖς G3588 Article - Dative Masculine Plural by nature φύσει G5449 Noun - Dative Feminine Singular are οὖσιν G1510 Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural not μὴ G3361 Adverb gods θεοῖς G2316 Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Verse 9

Original words

But δὲ G1161 Conjunction now that νῦν G3568 Adverb you know γνόντες G1097 Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural God Θεόν G2316 Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular or rather μᾶλλον G3123 Adverb vvv δὲ G1161 Conjunction are known γνωσθέντες G1097 Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Nominative Masculine Plural by ὑπὸ G5259 Preposition God Θεοῦ G2316 Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular how [is it that] πῶς G4459 Adverb you are turning ἐπιστρέφετε G1994 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural back πάλιν G3825 Adverb to ἐπὶ G1909 Preposition those τὰ G3588 Article - Accusative Neuter Plural weak ἀσθενῆ G772 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction worthless πτωχὰ G4434 Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural principles στοιχεῖα G4747 Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural Do you wish θέλετε G2309 Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Plural to be enslaved δουλεύειν* G1398 Verb - Present Infinitive Active by [them] οἷς G3739 Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Neuter Plural all over ἄνωθεν G509 Adverb again πάλιν G3825 Adverb
Verse 10

Original words

You are observing παρατηρεῖσθε G3906 Verb - Present Indicative Middle - 2nd Person Plural [special] days ἡμέρας G2250 Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction months μῆνας G3376 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction seasons καιροὺς G2540 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural and καὶ G2532 Conjunction years ἐνιαυτούς G1763 Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Verse 11

Original words

I fear φοβοῦμαι G5399 Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singular for you ὑμᾶς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural [that] μή G3361 Adverb my efforts κεκοπίακα G2872 Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular for εἰς G1519 Preposition you ὑμᾶς G4771 Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative 2nd Person Plural may have been πως G4459 Adverb in vain εἰκῇ G1500 Adverb

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.