Focused Passage

Judges 20:37-41

Israel's Civil War Against Benjamin: Justice, Judgment, and Near Tribal Ruin

Judges 20 moves from shocked national unity over Gibeah's outrage, through Benjamin's refusal to give up the guilty, through repeated defeat and intensified seeking of the LORD, into divinely granted victory that becomes catastrophic civil war and leaves Benjamin almost extinguished.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

37The men in ambush rushed suddenly against Gibeah; they advanced and put the whole city to the sword.

38The men of Israel had arranged a signal with the men in ambush: When they sent up a great cloud of smoke from the city,

39the men of Israel would turn in the battle. When the Benjamites had begun to strike them down, killing about thirty men of Israel, they said, “They are defeated before us as in the first battle.”

40But when the column of smoke began to go up from the city, the Benjamites looked behind them and saw the whole city going up in smoke.

41Then the men of Israel turned back on them, and the men of Benjamin were terrified when they realized that disaster had come upon them.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 37

Original words

The men in ambushוְהָאֹרֵ֣בH693Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularrushedוַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּH6584Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralsuddenlyהֵחִ֔ישׁוּH2363Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralagainstאֶל־H413PrepositionGibeahהַגִּבְעָ֑הH1390Article | Noun - proper - feminine singulartheyהָאֹרֵ֔בH693Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularadvancedוַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙H4900Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularand putוַיַּ֥ךְH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe wholeכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructcityהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularvvvלְפִי־H6310Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular constructto the swordחָֽרֶב׃H2719Noun - feminine singular
Verse 38

Original words

The menלְאִ֥ישׁH376Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularhad arrangedהָיָ֛הH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singulara signalוְהַמּוֹעֵ֗דH4150Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularwithעִם־H5973Prepositionthe men in ambushהָאֹרֵ֑בH693Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularWhen they sent upלְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛םH5927Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plurala greatהֶ֕רֶבH7235Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singularcloudמַשְׂאַ֥תH4864Noun - feminine singular constructof smokeהֶעָשָׁ֖ןH6227Article | Noun - masculine singularfromמִן־H4480Prepositionthe cityהָעִֽיר׃H5892Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 39

Original words

the menאִֽישׁ־H376Noun - masculine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularwould turnוַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְH2015Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularin the battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הH4421Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularWhen the Benjamitesוּבִנְיָמִ֡ןH1144Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularhad begunהֵחֵל֩H2490Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularto strike them downלְהַכּ֨וֹתH5221Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructkillingחֲלָלִ֤יםH2491Noun - masculine pluralabout thirtyכִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםH7970Preposition-k | Number - common plural. . .אִ֔ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular. . .כִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionmenבְּאִֽישׁ־H376Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙H3478Noun - proper - masculine singularthey saidאָמְר֔וּH559Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural. . .אַךְ֩H389AdverbThey areהוּא֙H1931Pronoun - third person masculine singulardefeatedנִגּ֨וֹףH5062Verb - Nifal - Infinitive absolute. . .נִגָּ֥ףH5062Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singularbefore usלְפָנֵ֔ינוּH6440Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common pluralas in the firstהָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃H7223Article | Adjective - feminine singularbattleכַּמִּלְחָמָ֖הH4421Preposition-k, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Verse 40

Original words

-וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗תH4864Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singularBut when the columnעַמּ֣וּדH5982Noun - masculine singular constructof smokeעָשָׁ֑ןH6227Noun - masculine singularbeganהֵחֵ֛לָּהH2490Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person feminine singularto go upלַעֲל֥וֹתH5927Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructfromמִן־H4480Prepositionthe cityהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularthe Benjamitesבִּנְיָמִן֙H1144Noun - proper - masculine singularlookedוַיִּ֤פֶןH6437Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularbehind themאַחֲרָ֔יוH310Preposition | third person masculine singularand sawוְהִנֵּ֛הH2009Conjunctive waw | Interjectionthe wholeכְלִיל־H3632Noun - masculine singular constructcityהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singulargoing upעָלָ֥הH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularin smokeהַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃H8064Article | Noun - masculine plural | third person feminine singular
Verse 41

Original words

Then the menוְאִ֤ישׁH376Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙H3478Noun - proper - masculine singularturned back on themהָפַ֔ךְH2015Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularand the menאִ֣ישׁH376Noun - masculine singular constructof Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑ןH1144Noun - proper - masculine singularwere terrifiedוַיִּבָּהֵ֖לH926Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularwhenכִּ֣יH3588Conjunctionthey realizedרָאָ֔הH7200Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthatכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctiondisasterהָרָעָֽה׃H7451Article | Adjective - feminine singularhad comeנָגְעָ֥הH5060Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singularupon themעָלָ֖יוH5921Preposition | third person masculine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.