Focused Passage

Deuteronomy 20:19-20

Holy War, Covenant Trust, and the Limits of Violence

Fear displaced by divine presence (vv. 1–4) → community exemptions that purify covenant confidence (vv. 5–9) → regulated war protocol for distant nations (vv. 10–15) → total devotion war against Canaanite peoples (vv. 16–18) → ecological restraint in siege (vv. 19–20)

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

19When you lay siege to a city for an extended time while fighting against it to capture it, you must not destroy its trees by putting an axe to them, because you can eat their fruit. You must not cut them down. Are the trees of the field human, that you should besiege them?

20But you may destroy the trees that you know do not produce fruit. Use them to build siege works against the city that is waging war against you, until it falls.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 19

Original words

Whenכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionyou lay siegeתָצ֣וּרH6696Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositiona cityעִיר֩H5892Noun - feminine singularfor an extendedרַבִּ֜יםH7227Adjective - masculine pluraltimeיָמִ֨יםH3117Noun - masculine pluralwhile fightingלְֽהִלָּחֵ֧םH3898Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructagainst itעָלֶ֣יהָH5921Preposition | third person feminine singularto capture itלְתָפְשָׂ֗הּH8610Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singularyou must notלֹֽא־H3808Adverb - Negative particledestroyתַשְׁחִ֤יתH7843Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerits treesעֵצָהּ֙H6086Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularby puttingלִנְדֹּ֤חַH5080Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructan axeגַּרְזֶ֔ןH1631Noun - masculine singularto themעָלָיו֙H5921Preposition | third person masculine singularbecauseכִּ֚יH3588Conjunctionyou can eat their fruitתֹאכֵ֔לH398Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular-וְאֹת֖וֹH853Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker | third person masculine singular-מִמֶּ֣נּוּH4480Preposition | third person masculine singularYou must notלֹ֣אH3808Adverb - Negative particlecut them downתִכְרֹ֑תH3772Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular. . .כִּ֤יH3588ConjunctionAre the treesעֵ֣ץH6086Noun - masculine singular constructof the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֔הH7704Article | Noun - masculine singularhumanהָֽאָדָם֙H120Article | Noun - masculine singularvvvלָבֹ֥אH935Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructvvvמִפָּנֶ֖יךָH6440Preposition-m | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singularthat you should besiege themבַּמָּצֽוֹר׃H4692Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 20

Original words

Butרַ֞קH7535Adverbyou may destroyתַשְׁחִ֖יתH7843Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - second person masculine singularthe treesעֵ֣ץH6086Noun - masculine singular constructthatאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeyou knowתֵּדַ֗עH3045Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular. . .כִּֽי־H3588Conjunctiondo notלֹא־H3808Adverb - Negative particle. . .עֵ֤ץH6086Noun - masculine singular constructproduce fruitמַאֲכָל֙H3978Noun - masculine singular. . .ה֔וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singular-אֹת֥וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singular[Use them]וְכָרָ֑תָּH3772Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularto buildוּבָנִ֣יתָH1129Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singularsiege worksמָצ֗וֹרH4692Noun - masculine singularagainstעַל־H5921Prepositionthe cityהָעִיר֙H5892Article | Noun - feminine singularthatאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relative. . .הִ֨ואH1931Pronoun - third person feminine singularis wagingעֹשָׂ֧הH6213Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singularwarמִלְחָמָ֖הH4421Noun - feminine singularagainst youעִמְּךָ֛H5973Preposition | second person masculine singularuntilעַ֥דH5704Prepositionit fallsרִדְתָּֽהּ׃פH3381Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.